托福考试词汇练习题含答案

时间：2022-08-31 01:44:32 托福(TOEFL) 我要投稿

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2016托福考试词汇练习题（含答案）

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2016托福考试词汇练习题（含答案）

　　1. If observations confirm the scientists' predictions, the theory is supported.

　　The word "supported" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) finished

　　(B) adjusted

　　(D) upheld支持维护

　　2. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter.

　　The phrase "forward-looking" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) progressive

　　(B) popular

　　(D) well-established

　　3. Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary.

　　The word "rudimentary" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) growing

　　(B) undeveloped

　　(D) uninteresting

　　4. Aside from perpetuating itself, the sole 唯一的purpose of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters is to "foster, assist and sustain an interest" in literature, music, and art.

　　The word "sole" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) only

　　(B) honorable

　　(D) official

　　5. One award subsidizes a promising American writer's visit to Rome. There is even an award for a very good work of fiction that failed commercially-once won by the young John Updike for The Poorhouse Fair and, more recently, by Alice Walker for In Love and Trouble.

　　The word "subsidizes" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) assures

　　(B) finances

　　(D) publishes

　　6. Committee membership rotates every year, so that new voices and opinions are constantly heard.

　　The word "rotates" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) alternates

　　(B) participates

　　(D) meets

　　7. One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in tool making: implements flaked with a clockwise motion (indicating a right-handed toolmaker) can be distinguished from hose flaked with a counter-clockwise rotation (indicating a left-handed toolmaker) .

　　The word "implements" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) tools

　　(B) designs

　　(D) pieces

　　8. Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought to have cut meat into strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone knives, as do the present-day Inuit.

　　The word "clues" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) solutions

　　(B) details

　　(D) information

　　9. The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities. Such studies, as well as studies of tool use, indicate that right-or left-sided dominance is not exclusive to modern Homo sapiens.

　　The word "hemispheres" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) differences

　　(B) sides

　　(D) studies

　　10. Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists.

　　The phrase "subject to" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) susceptible to易受影响的

　　(B) classified by

　　(D) strengthened by

　　11. The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae.刺穿

　　The word "puncture" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) pierce

　　(B) pinch

　　(D) cover

　　12. Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column.

　　The word "fused" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) combined

　　(B) hidden

　　(D) produced

　　13. To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids use appropriately intriguing shapes, colors, and scents. At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended to attract one, or at most a few, species of insects or birds.

　　The word "lure" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) attract正确answer

　　(B) recognize

　　(D) help

　　14. Once the right insect has been attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed.

　　The word "placed" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) estimated

　　(B) measured

　　(D) identified

　　15. By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant crossbreeding in the wild, assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same time they have made themselves irresistible to collectors.

　　The word "discrete" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) complicated

　　(B) separate

　　(D) functional

　　16. The public school system suddenly found itself overtaxed. While the number of schoolchildren rose because of wartime and postwar conditions, these same conditions made the schools even less prepared to cope with the flood.

　　The word "overtaxed" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) well prepared

　　(B) plentifully supplied

　　(D) charged too much

　　17. Therefore, in the 1950's and 1960's, the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the "custodial rhetoric" of the 1930's and early 1940's no longer made sense; that is, keeping youths aged sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high priority for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children aged five to sixteen.

　　The word "inadequate" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) deficient不足的

　　(B) expanded

　　(D) specialized专业的专门的

　　18. With the baby boom, the focus of educators and of laymen interested in education inevitably turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and discipline.

　　The word "inevitably" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) unwillingly

　　(B) impartially

　　(D) unavoidably

　　19. Deeply philosophical historians such as Henry Adams lamented the role that the new frenzy for business was playing in eroding traditional values. A distrust of industry and business continued among writers throughout the rest of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth.

　　The word "lamented" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) complained about

　　(B) analyzed

　　(D) reflected on

　　20. One thinks of melodramas, boys' books, thrillers, romances, and the like rather than novels of the first rank.

　　The phrase "first rank" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) largest category

　　(B) highest quality

　　(D) most difficult language

　　21. These writers, who can genuinely be said to have created a genre, the "railroad novel," are now mostly forgotten, their names having faded from memory.

　　The words "faded from" in line 21 are closest in meaning to

　　(A) grew in

　　(B) disappeared from

　　(D) developed from

　　22. The engine that became standard on western steamboats was of a different and 新奇的novel design. It was the work primarily of an unsung hero of American industrial progress, Oliver Evans (1755-1819) .

　　The word "novel" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) fictional虚构的

　　(B) intricate错综复杂的

　　(D) powerful

　　23. The self-educated son of a Delaware farmer, Evans early became obsessed by the possibilities of mechanized production and steam power. As early as 1802 he was using a 不动的静止的stationary steam engine of high-pressure design in his mill. Engines of this type were not unknown, but before Evans they were generally considered impractical and dangerous.

　　The word "stationary" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) single

　　(B) fixed

　　(D) modified

　　24. In shallow western rivers the weight of vessel and engine was important; a heavy engine added to the problem of navigation.

　　The word "vessel" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) fuel

　　(B) crew

　　(D) craft

　　25. The key concepts emerged about 1957. Townes and Arthur Schawlow, then at Bell Telephone Laboratories, wrote a long paper outlining the conditions needed to amplify stimulated emission of visible light waves.

　　The word "emerged" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) increased

　　(B) concluded

　　(D) appeared

　　26. On this perfect surface, the artist would sketch a composition with chalk, refine it with inks, and then begin the deliberate process of applying thin layers of egg tempera paint (egg yolk in which pigments are suspended) with small brushes.

　　The word "deliberate" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) decisive

　　(B) careful

　　(D) unusual

　　27. The quick-drying tempera demanded that the artist know exactly where each stroke be placed before the brush met the panel, and it required the use of fine brushes.

　　The word "demanded" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) ordered

　　(B) reported

　　(D) questioned

　　28. The painter or master who is credited with having created the painting may have designed the work and overseen its production, but it is highly unlikely that the artist's hand applied every stroke of the brush. More likely, numerous assistants, who had been trained to imitate the artist's style, applied the paint.

　　The word "imitate" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) copy

　　(B) illustrate

　　(D) believe in

　　29. On the other hand, when it comes to substantive-particularly behavioral-information, crows are less well known than many comparably common species and, for that matter, not a few quite uncommon ones: the endangered California condor, to cite one obvious example. There are practical reasons for this.

　　The word "comparably" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) interestingly

　　(B) similarly

　　(D) sometimes

　　30. Being so educable, individual birds have markedly different interests and inclinations, strategies and scams.

　　The word "inclination" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) tricks

　　(B) opportunities

　　(D) experiences

　　参考答案：

　　1 D2 A3 B4 A5 B6 A7 A8 D9 B10 A

　　11 A12 A13 A14 C15 B16 C17 A18 D19 A20 B