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新视野大学英语读写教程第一册Unit5词汇解析
导语：新视野大学英语内容以主题为线索,涉及文化交流、道德情感、信息技术、科学教育、社会焦点等各个方面,选材注重信息性、趣味性、时代感和文化内涵,有助于开拓视野,培养人文素质和文化意识。下面YJBYS小编分享新视野大学英语读写教程第一册Unit5词汇解析，欢迎参考!
New Words
<1>AIDS n. [U] Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 获得性免疫缺陷综合征(艾滋病)
<2>acquirevt.get or gain sth. 获得
He acquired a knowledge of the language by careful study. 他通过认真学习掌握了这门语言。
The company has recently acquired a new office building in central Shanghai. 这家公司最近在上海市中心买了一栋新的办公楼。
<3>immune a.1. safe from a disease or illness 免疫的
Once you've had the disease, you will be immune to it for life. 一旦你得了这种病，你就会对这种病终身免疫。
The medicine will make you immune to the disease. 这种药可以使你免于感染这种疾病。
2. not affected by sth. 不受影响的
You would be immune from punishment if you helped the police find the murderer. 如果你帮警察找到杀人犯，就可免受处罚。
These goods are not immune from customs duties. 这些商品不免税。
<4>deficiencyn.[C, U] the state of having none or not enough of 不足;缺乏
The weakness is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C. 这种衰弱是由于缺乏维生素C而引起的。
The officer was quite worried about the deficiency in the supply of water. 这位军官很担心水供应不足。
★<5>syndromen.[C] an illness which consists of a set of physical or mental problems 综合征
The syndrome is likely to strike those whose immunity is weakened. 免疫系统受到破坏的人身上可能出现这类综合征。
David was suffering from a Gulf War Syndrome. 戴维遭受海湾战争综和征的折磨。
<6>diagnosevt.find out what illness sb. has by examining them 诊断
His illness was diagnosed as food poisoning at the beginning.开始他的病被诊断为食物中毒。
After diagnosing the patient's disease, the doctors discussed how to treat it. 对这个病人的病情诊断之后，医生们讨论如何治疗的问题。
<7>infectvt. 1. cause sb. to have a disease 感染
Anyone with a bad cold may infect the people around him. 得重感冒的人会使周围的人受到感染。
He was shocked when he knew he was infected with the HIV virus. 当他知道自己染上艾滋病病毒时感到很震惊。
2. affect; influence 影响;感染
He thought that parents might infect their children with their ideas. 他认为家长的观念会影响孩子。
His urge for revenge would never infect her. 他想报复的冲动绝不会对她有影响。
<8>HIV n.[U] human immunodeficiency virus 艾滋病病毒，人体免疫缺陷病毒
<9>virus n.1. [C] a living thing which can cause a disease 病毒
The medicine is very effective in controlling the spread of the virus. 这种药能有效地控制这种病毒的传播。
He could be carrying the AIDS virus. 他可能是艾滋病病毒携带者。
2. [C] a program that enters a computer and destroys information 计算机病毒
The anti-virus program is very useful. 这种杀毒程序很有用。
The virus destroyed all the files. 这个病毒破坏了所有的文件。
<10>rurala.of or like the countryside 农村的;乡村的
The program is good for rural development. 这项计划有利于农村发展。
My grandfather prefers to live a rural life. 我祖父想过一种乡村式的生活。
<11>constitutevt.make up; form 组成，构成
Girls constitute 20 percent of the student population in the university. 女生占这所大学学生总数的百分之二十。
Seven days constitute a week. 一周有7天。
<12>segment n.[C] a part of sth. 部分
This is the fastest growing segment of the market. 这部分市场增长速度最快。
Farmers constitute the richest segment of society in the country. 农民是这个国家最富有的社会群体。
<13>alarm vt.cause sudden fear or worry 使惊恐, 使担心
The news that war might break out alarmed the people. 战争可能爆发的消息使人们惊恐不安。
The young couple were alarmed to find the baby in high fever. 那对年轻夫妇发现孩子发高烧，大惊失色。
n.1. [U] sudden fear and worry惊慌
Hearing a scream, she sat up in alarm.听到尖叫声，她慌忙坐了起来。
In his speech the worker emphasized the management's alarm over the strike. 这个工人在演讲中强调了资方对这次罢工事件所表现出的慌恐。
2. [C] a piece of equipment that warns people about danger, the time, etc. 报警器;闹钟
He set his alarm for 7:30 before going to bed. 在睡前他把闹钟设在了7点半。
Does this bank have an alarm system? 这家银行有报警系统吗?
<14> alarming a. frightening or worrying 令人惊恐的;令人担心的
The forests are disappearing at an alarming rate. 森林正以惊人的速度消失。
There was an alarming increase in crime in that area. 那个地区犯罪率的增长令人担忧。
<15>federal a. 联邦的，联邦制的
federal government/republic 联邦政府/共和国
<16>implementvt. carry out or put certain decisions into practice 实施，执行
The new plan will be implemented immediately. 新的计划将很快得到实施。
The government promised to implement a new program to control pollution. 政府承诺要执行新的计划来控制污染。
<17>organizationn.(BrE organisation)
1. [C] a group of people with a special purpose 组织，机构
World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织
World Health Organization 世界卫生组织
You may apply to join the organization. 你可以申请加入这个组织。
2. [U] the adjusting or planning of parts so as to form an effective whole 组织，安排
Several programs have been delayed by poor organization 几个项目由于组织不力而被耽搁。
I think the organization of the book is not good. 我认为这本书的结构安排不好。
<18>emergevi.appear or come out from somewhere 浮现，出现
Insects emerge in the spring and start multiplying rapidly. 春天里各种昆虫开始现身，并迅速繁衍。
He emerged from behind the large rocks and confronted his enemy. 他从大石头后冲到敌人面前。
<19>network n.1. [C] a group of people that are connected or work together 人际关系网，联络网
He had a large network of believers who were fighting for his cause. 他有很多信徒为他的`目标而奋斗。
We have a network of shops all over the country. 我们有遍及全国的商店网。
2. [C] a system of lines, wires, roads, etc. that are connected to each other 网络
A network of veins and arteries carries the blood around the body. 血管和动脉组成的网络将血液运送到身体各处。
A 24-hour strike brought the railway network to a standstill. 24小时的罢工使铁路系统处于停滞状态。
<20>combatvt. take action to stop sth. bad or harmful 与...斗争
Measures to combat pollution in the city have been introduced. 市里已采取了各种措施来防治污染。
The government sees price controls as a way to combat inflation. 政府将价格控制视为解决通货膨胀问题的一种手段。
n. [U] fighting, esp. during a war 战斗
About one million people lost their lives in combat. 有大约一百万人在战争中丧生。
Both men are trained with weapons and in unarmed combat. 两人都受到过武器和徒手格斗训练。
<21>resourcen. [C] (usu. pl.) sth. that can be used to increase wealth or help achieve sth. 资源
The police used every resource available to track down the killer. 警察动用了一切可用的资源来追捕凶手。
Each country will have to look at its own resources and solutions. 每个国家必须审视自己的资源和对策。
<22>creativea.producing new ideas or things 创造性的，有创造力的
He is a creative writer. 他是一位有创造力的作家。
Children should be allowed to develop their creative abilities as well as their academic abilities. 应该让孩子们在学习能力和创造能力上都有所发展。
<23> creatively ad. in a creative way 创造性地，有创造力地
Power can be used creatively or destructively. 权力的使用既可以是创造性的，也可以是破坏性的。
There's much room to express yourself creatively. 你有很大的余地来创造性地表现自己。
<24> educational a. connected with education 教育的;与教育相关的
He likes watching educational TV programs. 他喜欢看教育电视节目。
She was a leading publisher of educational books and software. 她是教育类书籍和软件方面的大出版商。
<25>clientn. [C] sb. who pays for the services or advice of a professional person or organization 客户，顾客
Our manager normally meets with clients in the afternoon. 我们经理通常在下午与客户见面。
Every employee should be patient with their clients. 每一位职员都要对客户有耐心。
<26>publication n. 1. [C] sth. published, such as a book or magazine 出版物
He picked up some publications and read each of them. 他拿起几本杂志逐一读起来。
He was the author of 70 major scientific publications. 他出版过70种科学读物。
2. [U] the act of making sth. known to the public; the process of getting sth. published 公布;发表;出版
The publication of a second report is imminent. 第二份报告的发布为期不远。
The publication of his results has inspired a new wave of research. 他的成果发表后激起了新一轮的研究热潮。
<27>appointment n. [C] an arrangement for a meeting at an agreed time and place for a particular purpose 约会，约定
I have an appointment with the doctor at 5 o'clock. 我与医生约在5点。
You should make an appointment in advance. 你应该提前预约。
<28>educatevt. teach or train sb., esp. at school 教育;训练
Youngsters must be educated about the dangers of drugs. 必须使年轻人受教育，认识到毒品的危害。
What we're trying to do is to educate young people to be responsible citizens. 我们目前要做的是教育年轻人做负责任的公民。
<29> stylist n. [C] sb. who cuts or arranges people's hair as their job 发型师
She is the top stylist at the salon. 她是发廊里最好的发型师。
I used to be a hair stylist myself. 我自己就曾是一个发型师。
<30>literacy n. [U] the ability to read and write 有文化;识字
You need to attend special classes in basic skills such as literacy. 你应该参加像识字之类传授基本技能的特殊课程。
Local politicians and educators have started working together to improve the literacy rate of the nation. 当地政要和教育家联合起来着手提高当地人的识字比率。
<31>literature n.1. [U] printed material about a subject 资料
Reading medical literature is one of the important tasks for the students. 阅读医学资料是学生们的重要任务之一。
This question has not received intensive consideration in the literature of any major discipline. 各大学科的文献资料都没有对这个问题进行深思。
2. [U] written works which are of artistic value 文学
Do you ever read twentieth-century literature? 你读过20世纪的文学作品吗?
Pupils use drama to gain insights into moral and social issues in works of literature. 学生通过戏剧来认识文学作品所涉及的社会、道德问题。
<32>solve vt.find an answer to or a way of dealing with a problem 解决;解答
She is very good at solving crossword puzzles. 她对填字游戏十分拿手。
I don't think money would solve all their problems. 我认为钱不能解决他们所有的问题。
<33>illustratevt.show the meaning of sth. by giving pictures or examples 说明
Pictures illustrate some of the ways in which rocks are formed. 图片演示了岩石形成的一些方式。
This point can be illustrated by two brief examples. 可举两个简单的例子来说明这一点。
<34>establish vt.start a school, an organization, etc. 建立，创办
The company was established in 1980. 该公司创办于1980年。
A committee was established to look into the problem. 成立了一个委员会来调查这个问题。
<35>bustern.[U] (infml.) sb. or sth. that ends a situation or stops an activity 克星
crime buster 犯罪克星
budget buster 预算杀手
<36>risk n.[C, U] the possibility that sth. bad or dangerous may happen 危险性;风险
There is no risk that the disease will spread further. 疾病没有进一步蔓延的危险。
The risk of heart disease can be decreased by exercising regularly. 定期锻炼可以降低患心脏病的危险。
vt.put sth. in a situation in which it could be lost, destroyed, or harmed 使遭受(失去、毁坏、或伤害)的危险
Companies cannot risk losing customers through computer problems. 公司不可能因为计算机问题而冒失去顾客的风险。
He had risked his own health to help the sick during the epidemic. 在流行病肆虐期间，他不顾自己的健康受到威胁而去帮助病人。
<37>pressuren.[C, U] a way of living or working which causes a lot of anxiety 压力
He performs best under pressure. 他在压力下能发挥最佳水平。
There is a lot of pressure put on everyone. 每个人的压力都很大。
<38>define vt.give the meaning of; describe exactly 下定义;描述
The dictionary defines it as "a narrow passage". 词典上给它下的定义是“狭窄的通道”。
It is difficult for me to define the word. 对我来说给这个词下定义很难。
<39> redefine vt. consider and explain sth. in a new way 重新说明
We will have to redefine our relationship with neighboring states. 我们将不得不重新界定与邻国的关系。
It is trying to redefine itself as a consumer business rather than a manufacturer. 它正尝试给自己重新定位为消费业而非制造商。
<40>maritala.connected with marriage 婚姻的
Age, sex, and marital status all affect consumption. 年龄、性别以及婚姻状况都对消费有影响。
Many wives do not report acts of marital violence to the police. 许多妇女没有向警方报告婚姻暴力行为。
<41>plaguevt.cause pain, suffering, or trouble to sb., esp. for a long period of time 折磨;使苦恼
Heavy rains continue to plague the state. 大雨继续在该州肆虐。
Social problems plague these low-income communities. 社会问题困扰着这些低收入社区。
n.[C] a disease that spreads quickly to a large number of people and causes death 瘟疫;传染病
an outbreak of plague 瘟疫的爆发
AIDS has been called a plague. 艾滋病已被称为一种瘟疫。
<42>establishmentn. [C] an organization or institution, esp. a business, shop, etc. 机构，单位
Universities and other research establishments have done much to change the situation. 各大学以及其他研究机构为了改变这一现状都做了大量工作。
The commercial establishments welcome the reform. 商业机构欢迎这一改革。
<43>emphasizevt.(BrE emphasise) give particular importance or attention to sth. 强调
My teacher always emphasized the importance of reading. 老师总是强调阅读的重要性。
Good manners are emphasized in schools. 学校强调礼貌待人。
<44>regardlessad.without being affected or influenced by sth. 无论如何，不管怎样
But, regardless, it is very important we are as frank as possible. 但是，无论如何，我们要尽可能地坦诚，这很重要。
It may rain by the end of the day, but we plan to carry on, regardless. 天黑以前可能要下雨，但无论如何我们都打算继续干下去。
<45>solution n.[C] a way of solving a problem 解决办法;解答
One possible solution might be to borrow money. 一种可行的解决办法也许就是借钱。
This is not the best solution to the problem. 这不是解决问题的最好办法。
<46>crisis n.[C, U] an urgent, difficult or dangerous situation 危机;紧急关头
In times of crisis you will find out who your real friends are. 在紧急关头你就会发现谁是真正的朋友。
The economic crisis greatly influenced our income. 经济危机大大影响了我们的收入。
<47>cure n.1. [C] a medical treatment to end an illness 治愈，治疗
There's no known effective cure for the disease. 这种病还没有有效的治疗方法。
Prevention is far better than any cure. 预防远胜于治疗。
2. [C] a solution to a problem (解决问题的)办法，措施
Some social problems seem to continue forever without a cure. 有些社会问题没有解决措施，始终继续存在。
There were people who thought that the United Nations would be a cure to the problem of war. 有人曾把联合国作为解决战争问题的办法。
vt.1. stop sb. from being affected by an illness 治愈，痊愈
The only thing that can cure a cold is time. 只有时间能治愈感冒。
It is possible that in the near future we will be able to cure AIDS. 也许在不久的将来我们就能治愈艾滋病。
2. solve a problem or improve a bad situation 解决问题;改善状况
I am here to cure you of your hopelessness. 我来是为了把你从绝望情绪中解救出来。
New policies were enacted to cure unemployment. 制定了新政策来解决失业问题。
<48>representvt.1. be sth. 表示，应视为
This company's order represents 10% of our sales. 这个公司的订单是我们销售额的10%。
Our tent represents home when we go camping. 外出野营时，帐篷就是我们的家。
2. be a sign or symbol of sth. 表示，象征
Yellow is used to represent warning. 黄色用来代表警告。
This treatment represents a significant advance in the field of cancer research. 这种治疗手段反映了癌症研究领域取得的显著进步。
3. act or speak officially for another person or group of people 代表
The athletes will represent China in this year's Olympic Games. 这些运动员将代表中国参加今年的奥运会。
Each class will elect two students to represent them on the School Council. 每个班将选出两名学生代表参加校务会议。
<49>epidemicn.[C] a widely or rapidly spreading disease 流行病, 传染病
AIDS has become an epidemic in some countries. 艾滋病在某些国家已经蔓延开来。
Doctors warn that a flu epidemic may be on the way. 医生警告说流感可能已开始传播。
<50>threatenvt.1. be likely to harm or destroy sth. 威胁到，危害到
The flood is threatening the local people's safety. 洪水威胁着当地人的安全。
Some people think free trade threatens the health of our economy. 有些人认为自由贸易会危及到我们的经济状况。
2. say that you will cause sb. harm or trouble if they do not do what you want 威胁，恐吓
Every time we have a quarrel, she threatens to leave me. 我们每次吵架，她都威胁说要分手。
The terrorists are threatening to kill the hostages. 恐怖分子扬言要杀死人质。
<51>raciala.connected with race 种族的
Racial equality is an object for which they are struggling. 他们斗争的目标是种族平等。
We welcome all of you, whatever your racial background. 无论你们是什么种族背景，所有的人我们都欢迎。
<52>distractvt.take sb.'s attention away from sth. 使转移注意力，使分心
Don't distract me while I'm driving! 我开车的时候不要打扰我。
I was distracted by the noise in the street. 大街上的噪音使我分了神。
<53>efficiency n.[U] the quality of doing sth. well and effectively 效率;功效
I was impressed by her speed and efficiency. 她的速度和效率给我留下了深刻印象。
But much greater economic efficiency is not the only gain. 然而，经济效率较大幅度提高还不是唯一的收获。
<54> inefficiency n. [U] the quality of being unable to do a task effectively 效率低下，无效
He criticized his employees for inefficiency. 他批评雇员们效率低下。
The inefficiency of the post office bothers me. 这个邮政所服务效率太低，使我很反感。
<55> undeclared a. not officially announced 未正式宣布的
Several undeclared candidates were waiting for an opportunity to join the race. 几个还未正式宣布的候选人正等着机会参加竞选。
A student in his junior year who is still undeclared should make some quick decisions about what he is going to do with his life. 还未确定专业的大三学生应该尽快决定自己将来一生要干什么。
Phrases and Expressions
<56>be infected with make sb. get a disease 感染(疾病)
The whole class were infected with the virus. 全班都感染上了这种病毒。
He had become infected with AIDS from an improperly sterilized needle. 由于使用了消毒不当的针头，他感染上了艾滋病。
<57>in place of instead of 代替
William talked at the meeting in place of the manager who was sick. 威廉代替身体不适的经理在会上作了发言。
In addition, students may offer a dissertation in place of one of the above courses. 另外，学生也可以提交一篇论文以替代一门上述课程。
<58>suffer from experience sth. unpleasant, e.g., an illness 受...之苦，患(某种疾病)
Kevin is suffering from depression. 凯文患上了抑郁症。
Dewey had been in hospital for several weeks suffering from malaria. 因为患疟疾，杜威已经住院几周了。
<59>hand out give sth. to each person in a group 分发，散发
She plans to hand out gifts at a children's hospital tomorrow. 她准备明天去一家儿童医院分发礼物。
A boy was standing by the road, handing out leaflets. 一个小男孩站在路边散发传单。
<60>set up start a company, organization, etc. 建立，创立(公司、机构等)
Kate and her partner are setting up their own printing business. 凯特和合伙人正着手创办自己的印刷厂。
He wants to set up a software company. 他想创办一家软件公司。
<61>at risk in danger 有危险，有风险
Millions of lives are at risk because of food shortages. 因为食品短缺，几百万人面临生命危险。
Accidents in the home are extremely common, and elderly people are most at risk. 家庭事故非常常见，而老年人面临的'危险最大。
<62>regardless of without being affected or influenced by 不顾，不管
All men are born equal regardless of race or color. 无论种族与肤色，所有人生来都是平等的。
Regardless of the weather, we have to go. 不管天气好坏，我们都必须走。
<63>guard against prevent sth. from happening 防止...发生
The coach reminded us to guard against over-confidence. 教练提醒我们要防止过于自信。
Use sunscreen on your skin to guard against skin cancer. 为了防止皮肤癌，要涂上防晒霜。
<64>wipe out destroy or get rid of sth. completely 彻底摧毁;消灭
The whole village was wiped out by the floods. 洪水摧毁了整个村庄。
We wish to wipe out poverty. 我们希望能彻底消灭贫困。
<65>distract sb. from sth. take sb.'s attention from sth. 使分心
The music soon distracted the boy from his homework. 音乐很快就让这个男孩不能专心做家庭作业了。
He's easily distracted from any writing that isn't creative. 如果作品没有独到之处，他就容易分心。
<66>sign up for put one's name on a list to take part in sth. 报名参加
Her teacher encouraged her to sign up for the English speech contest. 老师鼓励她参加英语演讲比赛。
He signed up for the course to improve his French. 为了提高法语水平，他报了个班。
Proper Names
<67>Latino 拉丁美洲人
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