2017年考研英语知识运用部分训练试题及答案解析
学术型研究生的培养目标是高层次学术研究型专门人才，考研英语(一)是所有学术型硕士研究生和部分专业型硕士必考的科目。下面是小编整理的考研英语(一)英语知识运用部分的练习试题，希望能帮到大家!
英语知识运用训练试题【一】
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.
While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”
The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!
One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.
The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.
1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what
【答案】[D] what
【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。根据句子结构和选项的特点，可以判断出空格处应填从属连词引导从句;再根据句子的内容，可以看出该从句是一项研究的相关内容(what)，不是指研究的时间(when)， 原因(why)和方式(how)，因此，该题的答案为what。
2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised
【答案】[B] concluded
【解析】从此题所在的句子的前后内容可以判断出，that is_______ 中的that是指第一句话的内容(朋友与我们基因上的相关性)，很显然是研究得出的结论。因此，答案为concluded。
3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by
【答案】[C] on
【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容(研究对1932分独特的受试者进行分析)判断出进行分析的对象是1932 unique subjects。conduct analysis on…是固定表达。
4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected
【答案】[A] compared
【解析】该空格所在的句子是which 引导的定语从句修饰study,意思是：对几对基因不相关的朋友和陌生人进行_______。因为“研究”的内容是关于朋友间基因上的相关性问题，所以完整的意思应该是：对几对基因不相关的朋友和陌生人进行比较。所以最佳答案为compared。
5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples
【答案】[C] samples
【解析】根据空格的前后内容判断，到第五个空为止，文章都在讲实验过程，和实验对象，第五个空格所在句子的内容是：相同的人们都用于实验中的这两类______。所以根据上下文语境和内容，应该选与实验对象相对应的samples(样例).因此，答案是samples。
6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible
【答案】[A] insignificant
【解析】空的语境为：尽管这1%看起来似乎____，但是遗传学家可不这么认为。空前后形成对比转折的逻辑关系，而从后文列举的例子中可知遗传学家James Fowler对这1%基因的态度是肯定的，故答案为A。
7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know
【答案】[D] know
【解析】空的语境为：大多数人甚至不____他们隔三代的表亲，但却设法选择那些____我们亲戚的人作为朋友。填入的词必须满足前后句之间的转折逻辑关系，四个选项带入，只有D选项符合上下文语义。
8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass
【答案】[A] resemble
【解析】空的语境为：大多数人甚至不认识他们隔三代的表亲，但却设法选择那些____我们亲戚的人作为朋友。根据全文中心：基因上的相似性，可知本题选择A。
9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus
【答案】[B] also
【解析】空所在的句子开头用“The study…”,显然这是对上文话题的继续阐述，前文指出研究发现朋友与我们有1%的基因关系，而空所在句“the genes for smell were something shared in friends”在进一步详细讨论该话题，前后之间是顺接关系，故答案为B。
10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps
【答案】[D] Perhaps
【解析】从选项和文字中句子结构可以判断，空格处要求填入一个能够体现前后两个句子逻辑关系的副词，空前的句子谈到“为什么在嗅觉基因方面存在相似性还很难解释”，空后却紧接着对此得出一个相关结论，很明显是矛盾的，所以此结论只能是一种不确定的推测，故答案为D。
11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like
【答案】[B] to
【解析】该题为介词选择题。后半句出现比较级，可见是和前文形成比较关系，因此和上半句介词保持一致，用介词to。该句翻译：它(这种相似性)吸引我们到相同的'环境，并且使我们更为相似。因此答案为to。
12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit
【答案】[A] drive
【解析】该句意思为：很多机制共同作用，从而_____我们选择基因相似的朋友，_____和_____交朋友的“功能关系”。根据上下文可知，此处所填入动词需符合结构_____sb. in doing sth，B选项observe(观察，遵守)和C选项confuse(困惑)均无此用法。符合该结构只有A选项drive(驱使)和D选项limit(限制)。根据上下文可得知：这些机制驱使我们选择基因相似的朋友，符合文章主题。如果选限制则为反向干扰。因此答案为drive。
13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with
【答案】[B] rather than
【解析】所填词为逻辑关系短语，空前说选择基因相似的朋友，空后说具有“实用关系”的朋友，可知前后为对立关系，并且根据文章主题，可知肯定前者而否定后者，可锁定B选项rather than。A选项according to(根据)没有体现出对立及取舍关系，因此排除;C选项regardless of(不管)表让步关系，干扰性较强，但文章更强调取前舍后，因此排除;D选项along with(伴随)表顺接，故排除。故答案为rather than。
14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits
【答案】[D] benefits
【解析】根据前文functional kinship(实用关系)可得出D选项benefits(利益)，前后形成呼应。A选项chances(机会)、B选项responses(反应)、C选项missions(使命)均不符合题意。故答案为benefits。
15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier
【答案】[C] faster
【解析】该句为：evolving ______ than other genes(比其他基因进化得______). 根据同词复现，我们找到该段第二句话中：human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years(人类进化在过去30000年间提速)。C 选项faster与下文picked pace(加速)形成呼应，故答案为faster。
16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express
【答案】[C] understand
【解析】此题考查动词。根据语意。空格后面是一个why引导的宾语从句，意为“人类进化在过去三万年间得以加速的原因”，表示这一研究的结果和意义。能与这一宾语从句构成搭配的只有C选项understand。A选项forecast“预测”与“过去三万年”相矛盾，B选项remember“记住”和D选项“express”均不符合文意。
17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive
【答案】[B] contributory
【解析】此空需要填入一个形容词，表达社会环境对人类进步所起到的作用。help，pick pace这两个词表达的都是积极的含义，因此此处需要填入一个带有褒义的感情色彩的词， 因此排除A选项“不可预测的”和D选项“破坏性的”; B 而C选项“可控的”,与语意无关;因此正确答案为B选项contributory“促进的”。
18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency
【答案】[D] tendency
【解析】此处进一步陈述这一研究的结论。A选项endeavor“努力”，B选项“决定”，C选项“安排”，D选项“倾向”。本文的主旨重在解释人们在交朋友的不自觉的一种倾向，而非通过人为的有意识的举动来选择朋友。因此正确答案为D。
19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic
【答案】[C] ethnic
【解析】结合文意，人们普遍希望和有相似基因背景的人。C选项ethnic意为“种族的，民族的”，是对上文中多次重复出现的genes,以及下文的the same population的同义复现。因此正确答案为C。 A选项political“政治的”， B选项“宗教的”，D选项“经济的”均不符合原文文意。
20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tell
【答案】[A] see
【解析】此处考察动词，动词势必要看前后搭配。see that 构成固定词组，意为“务必使……”，符合文意，即：即使所有的受访者都拥有欧洲血统，(研究者们)仍然悉心确保所有的受访者、朋友和陌生人都来自于同一群种。选项B“展示”,选项C“证明”，选项D“辨别”均无此含义，且不符合文意。
英语知识运用训练试题【二】
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1 __ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2__a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3 __ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection.__4__ , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5 __ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, __7__ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, __9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and __10__ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__ . Newlyseds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may __12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to __14__ ,but not common. Divoreced persons are __15__with some disapproval. Each spouse retains __16__ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__ the woman must wait ten months.
1. [A] by way of [B] on behalf of [C] as well as [D] with regard to
[标准答案] [C] as well as
[考点分析] 逻辑关系
[选项分析] 因为考查逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：空格处身处大环境not only…but also之中，这是一个明显的并列关系，表示“不仅……而且……”，该空后面的those指代前文出现的“parents and friends”，显然“the young man”与“the young woman”为并列关系，表示“与他本人以及伴侣的父母朋友相关”，所以答案只能是[C]项as well as 也，又。[A]项by way of 通过，[D]项with regard to 关于，[B]项on behalf of 代表。
2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C] compete with [D] decide on
[标准答案] [D] decide on
[考点分析] 上下文语义
[选项分析] 根据该句的主语a young man与宾语a likely spouse的关系，答案只能是[D]项decide on“决定”，表示自己决定自己的配偶。[B]项provide for为……提供准备……，provide为及物动词，直接跟宾语，不需要加介词;[C]项compete with“与……竞争”，[A]项adapt to“适用”。
3. [A] close [B] remew [C] arrange [D] postpone
[标准答案] [C] arrange
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析
[选项分析] 该句意思为：他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母_____婚姻谈判。四个选项中，[A]项close 关闭;[B]项renew 更新，恢复;[D]项postpone 推迟;这三项语义不正确，只有[C]项arrange“安排”符合语境。
4. [A] Above all [B] In theory [C] In time [D] For example
[标准答案] [B] In theory
[考点分析] 上下文语义
[选项分析] 逻辑判断题主要是看前后两句的含义，前面说“他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母安排婚姻谈判，或者完全由父母选择对象，不给孩子选择的机会。”空格后面说“女方可以否决她父母所选择的对象。”这两句之间显然是相反的关系，且有一个may，更证明[B]项In theory“理论上说”的正确性，而其他选项[A]项Above all最重要的是，[C]项In time 准时，[D]项For example举例，均不符合题意。
5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless
[标准答案] [C] After
[考点分析] 上下文语义
[选项分析] 根据下文“______a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other…”可知，只有对象选择好后，父母才会去调查对方，显然表达的是时间先后顺序，所以只有after才对。其他选项[A]项Although 尽管， [B]项Lest 以免，唯恐，[D]Unless 除非，否则都不符合题意。
6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through
[标准答案] [A] into
[考点分析] 上下文语义及介词辨析
[选项分析] 这里主要是看marry与相关介词的固定搭配及句意理解。这里marry into就是指“通过婚姻得到[成为]……的一员”，而其他选项均没有这层含义。
7. [A] since [B] or [C] but [D] so
[标准答案] [C] but
[考点分析] 逻辑关系
[选项分析] 根据上文“以前婚礼会持续三天”，出处句子意为“到了20世纪80年代，婚礼只持续一天半”，显然与前文发生转变，为对比关系，因此选择[C]项but 但是。
8. [A] copy [B] test [C] recite [D] create
[标准答案] [C] recite
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析
[选项分析] 空格处需要填一个动词，和后面的prayers of blessing所搭配，[C]项recite 有“吟诵、朗诵”的意思，与所给短语搭配最为合理，译为“吟诵祝福的祈祷文”。
9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying
[标准答案] [D] tying
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析
[选项分析] 本题需要根据上下文语义分析，空格处需要搭配后文“棉线”，纵观四个选项[A]项 折叠，[B]项 堆积，[C]项 包裹，[D]项 系上，根据后文的“around the bride’s and groom’s wrists 在新郎和新娘的腰间”，只有[D]项“将在圣水中浸过的棉线系在新郎和新娘的腰间”符合句意。
10. [A] passing [B] lighting [C] hiding [D] serving
[标准答案] [A] passing
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析
[选项分析] 原文空格需要填写一个动词与后文“around a circle”来搭配，译为“将蜡烛传一圈”，故[A]项“传递”为正确选项。[B]项 点亮，[C]项 隐藏，[D]项 服务。
11. [A] meeting [B] collection [C] association [D] union
[标准答案] [D] union
[考点分析] 名词辨析
[选项分析] 本句语义为“将蜡烛绕着幸福完婚和受人尊敬的夫妻传递一圈来祝福 ”，[D]项 结合，引申为“婚姻”之意;根据语境，[D]项正确。
12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D] live
[标准答案] [D] live
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析
[选项分析] 本题比较简单。根据语义“根据传统，新婚夫妇要搬到妻子父母家，与父母____一年”，[D]项“生活”为最佳答案。[C]项 交易，[B]项 分开，[A]项 成长。
13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] if [D] for
[标准答案] [B] until
[考点分析] 时间逻辑关系
[选项分析] 本句意为“_____他们在附近建造一栋新房子”，[A]项 然而，[B]项 直到，[D]项因为，[C]项 如果，结合前文“新婚夫妇根据传统要和女方家人生活一年”，前后存在一定的时间关系，[B]项“直到”最符合原文语境，搭配最为合理。
14. [A] avoid [B] follow [C] challenge [D] obtain
[标准答案] [D] obtain
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析
[选项分析] Divorce is legal and relatively easy to __14__, but not common. 该句句意为“离婚是合法的，且相对容易____。”[A]项avoid避免，[B]项follow跟随，[C]项challenge挑战，质疑，[D]项obtain获得，实现。根据关键词“legal”可知这里表达的是正面的意思，再根据句意选择[D]项。
15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed
[标准答案] [C] viewed
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析
[选项分析] Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval. 离婚的人 一些不认可。本段第一句提到“离婚是合法的且相对容易得到批准，但是不常见。”这句其实是在说明离婚并不常见的原因，[A]项isolated孤立，[B]项persuaded劝说，[C]项viewed看待，[D]项exposed接触，受到……的影响，[C]项最符合句意。
16. [A] whereever [B] whatever [C] whenever [D] however
[标准答案] [B] whatever
[考点分析] 关系代词辨析
[选项分析] Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage. 17小题四个选项都是动词，所以该句意思为：夫妇双方保有财产，这个财产是他或她进婚姻的。结合[A]项 whereever“无论何地;任何(地方)=any place where(定从)”;[B]项 whatever“无论什么;任何(东西)=anything that/any+N that”;[C]项 whenever无论何时;任何时间=any time when;[D]项 however无论如何;无论多么。根据语义，这里应该不是让步的关系，而且填的这个词还要能修饰property。因此，选择[B]项，等于retains any property that he or she……。
17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed
[标准答案] [B] brought
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词义辨析
[选项分析] Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage，结合[A]项 changed“改变”，[B]项 brought “带来”，[C]项 shaped“形成”，[D]项 pushed“推，逼迫”。结合语境只有[B]项符合句意，意为“把财产带入婚姻”。
18. [A] invested [B] divided [C] donated [D] withdrawn
[标准答案] [B] divided
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词义辨析
[选项分析] ...and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. 结合[A]项invested投资;[B]项divided分配;分开;[C]项donated 捐赠;[D]项withdrawn撤出，提取。根据语义应该是共同财产被(夫妻双方)平分，因此选择[B]项。
19. [A] warms [B] clears [C] shows [D] breaks
[标准答案] [C] shows
[考点分析] 动词固定搭配
[选项分析] Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. 该句语义为离过婚的人或许会再婚，但是性别偏见 。[A]项warm up加热，热身;[B]项clear up(天气)变晴，收拾，消除;[C]项show up显现;[D]项break up分裂，分开;根据句意，选择[C]项。
20. [A] while [B] so that [C] once [D] in that
[标准答案] [A] while
[选项分析] 上下文语义
[考点分析] 本句句意为：离婚的男性再婚不需要等待期，女性必须等十个月。显然前后两句存在转折关系，只有[A]项while“然而”能够表达这个意思。
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