牛津高中英语定语从句语法讲解

牛津高中英语定语从句语法讲解

　　牛津英语能够给那些仍然在前进道路上迷茫，或被惯性思维束缚的年轻人一些启示，让他们了解足够多的人生经验与哲理，能够以更轻松、更快乐的姿态去面对生活，也为迎接人生的辉煌做好准备。以下是小编整理的关于牛津高中英语定语从句语法讲解，希望大家认真阅读!

　　一.定义

　　1.定语从句：修饰某一句中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。被修饰的词称为先行词。

　　2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词

　　The man who lives next to us is a policeman.

　　先行词 关系代词 定语从句

　　关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。

　　关系词常有3个作用：1.引导定语从句;2.代替先行词;3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。

　　二.关系代词引导的定语从句

　　1.who指人，在从句中做主语

　　The boys who are playing football are from ClassOne.

　　2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

　　Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talkedabout on the bus.

　　注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

　　The man who/whom you met just now is myfriend.

　　3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

　　(1) Football is a game which isliked by most boys.

　　(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

　　4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom;指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

　　(5) The number of the people that/who come tovisit the city each year

　　rises one million.

　　(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

　　5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

　　(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

　　(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallenin.

　　whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

　　(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soonbe repaired.

　　(4)The classroom thedoor of which is broken will soon be repaired.

　　三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

　　1. 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词which/whom引导

　　(1)The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

　　(2)The school in which he once studied is very famous.

　　2.关系代词前的介词的选择

　　Don’t bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid. (beafraid of 害怕)

　　注意：1. 含有介词的固定动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor, look after, take care of等

　　(1) This is the watchwhich/that I am looking for. (T)

　　(2) This is the watch forwhich I am looking. (F)

　　2. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none,both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词

　　(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are verykind to him.

　　(2) In the basket there arequite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

　　四.关系副词引导的定语从句

　　1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

　　I still remember the day when I first came to theschool.

　　2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

　　Shanghai is the city where I was born.

　　3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

　　Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

　　注意：1.关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

　　When=atinonduringwhich Where=atin o which Why=for which

　　(1) The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is not clear.

　　(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know whathe wanted when he grew up.

　　(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.

　　2.当先行词为时间、地点、原因名词时，如果在从句中不是作状语时，不可用关系副词引导。(1)The reason (that/which) he gave for being late is that his mother was ill.

　　(2)They make me thinkof the happy days (that/which) we spenttogether.

　　(3)Is this factory theone (that/which) they visited the day beforeyesterday.

　　五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

　　限制性定语从句举例：

　　(1) The teacher told me that Tom was theonly person that I could depend on.

　　(2) China is a country which has a longhistory.

　　非限制性定语从句举例：

　　(1) His mother, who loves him very much, isstrict with him.

　　(2) China, which was founded in 1949, isbecoming more and more powerful.

　　要注意区分以下几个句子的不同

　　(1) His brother who is now a doctor alwaysencourages him to college.

　　他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)

　　(2) His brother, who is now a doctor,always encourages him to go to college.

　　他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)

　　难点分析

　　(一)定语从句中的几个特殊的用法

　　一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

　　1.当先行词是anything, everything,nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some,no, little, few, much等修饰时

　　(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Lihas said?

　　(2) All that can be done has been done.

　　(3) There is little that I can do for you.

　　2. 当先行词被序数词修饰

　　The first place that they visited in Londonwas the Big Ben.

　　3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

　　This is the best film that I haveseen.

　　4. 当先行词被the very, the only ,the same ,the last修饰时

　　This is the very dictionary that I want tobuy,

　　5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

　　(1) Who is the man that is standing there?

　　(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

　　6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

　　Can you remember the scientist and his theorythat we have learned?

　　二)注意用which不用that的情况

　　1.在非限制性定语从句中

　　(1)She madegreat progress and won a prize, which gave us a surprise.

　　2.在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，必须用which.

　　(1) This is the knife with which Johnhurt somebody.

　　3.当关系词后面有插入语时

　　(1) Here isthe ALD which, as I have told you, is a greathelp to you.

　　三)在下列情况下，只许用关系代词who，而不用that:

　　1.先行词为those, one, ones,anyone, people等时

　　Those who are from Qingdao come this way.

　　2.当先行词后有较长的后置定语时，或定语从句被分隔时。

　　A teacher will come tomorrow who will teach youGerman.

　　3.当先行词是用-body或-one构成的不定代词时，关系代词多用who

　　Is there anybody else who should be invited.

　　4.当先行词是集体名词时，如果着眼于集体，使用that/which;如果着眼于个体，则使用who

　　(1)Our team,which took the second place last year, played better this year.

　　(2)Our team, whoare all under the age of twenty, will do well in the final match.

　　(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

　　as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：

　　1.As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子或句子的'一部分。

　　(1) He married her, as/which was natural.

　　(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.

　　2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句.另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思，后边的谓语动词多是see, know, expect,say, mention, report等;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后,意为“这一点”。

　　(1) As is known to all, China is a developingcountry.

　　(2) He is from the south, as we can seefrom his accent.

　　(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.

　　(4) He has been to Paris more than severaltimes, which I don’t believe.

　　注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which

　　(5)Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.

　　3. 当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as

　　(1) I have never heard such a story as hetells.

　　(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.

　　(3) This is the same book as I lost lastweek.

　　注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同，用that时表示先行词与关系词所指的是同一物体，而用as则指的是相似但却不是同一物。

　　(4)She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.

　　她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

　　(5) She wore the same dress as her youngsister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

　　4.当as在从句中作主语时，后面的谓语动词常常使用被动语态，如果从句中是主动语态，一般多使用which

　　(1) She has been lateagain, as was expected.

　　(2) Tom great progress in Chinese, which made usdelighted.

　　(三)以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which,that引导，而且通常可以省略。

　　(1)The way in which/ that/./ he answered thequestion was surprising

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