考研英语阅读真题及解析

时间：2023-03-08 05:50:30 英语阅读我要投稿

考研英语阅读真题及解析

　　考研英语阅读理解主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。下面是小编给大家准备的考研英语阅读的真题及解析，一起来练习一下吧!

考研英语阅读真题及解析

　　第一篇：

　　Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.

　　Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.

　　Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.

　　From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.

　　Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.

　　Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said.” I can’t afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.” Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young. “I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,” Schneider said. “I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”

　　36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is_____.

　　[A] trying out different lifestyles

　　[B] having a family with children

　　[C] working beyond retirement age

　　[D] setting up a profitable business

　　37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to ____.

　　[A] favor a slower life pace

　　[B] hold an occupation longer

　　[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance

　　[D] give priority to childcare outside the home

　　38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will ____.

　　[A] become increasingly clear

　　[B] focus on materialistic issues

　　[C] depend largely on political preferences

　　[D] reach almost all aspects of American life

　　39. Both young and old agree that ____.

　　[A] good-paying jobs are less available

　　[B] the old made more life achievements

　　[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain

　　[D] getting established is harder for the young

　　40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?

　　[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college.

　　[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.

　　[C] His parents’ good life has little to do with a college degree.

　　[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.

　　第二篇：

　　France，which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.

　　Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.

　　The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

　　The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.

　　The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.

　　In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states:”We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people”. The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.

　　Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.

　　21. According to the first paragraph，what would happen in France?

　　【A】Physical beauty would be redefined.

　　【B】New runways would be constructed.

　　【C】Websites about dieting would thrive.

　　【D】The fashion industry would decline.

　　22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line 2，Para.2) is closest in meaning to

　　【A】heightening the value of

　　【B】indicating the state of

　　【C】losing faith in

　　【D】doing harm to

　　23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?

　　【A】The French measures have already failed.

　　【B】New standards are being set in Denmark.

　　【C】Models are no longer under peer pressure.

　　【D】Its inherent problems are getting worse.

　　24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for

　　【A】pursuing perfect physical conditions

　　【B】caring too much about model’s character.

　　【C】showing little concern for health factors

　　【D】setting a high age threshold for models.

　　25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

　　【A】A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

　　【B】A Dilemma for the Starving models in France

　　【C】Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty

　　【D】The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry

　　答案解析请见第二页：

　　>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<

　　第一篇：

　　36 答案 B having a family with children

　　解析：此题是细节题。根据关键词定位到第二段第一句Across generational lines,…including getting married, having children…即成功的标志包括结婚生子，故而正确选项是B having a family with children.

　　37 答案 C attach importance to pre-marital finance

　　解析：此题是细节题。根据关键词定位到第三段第一句Young people…to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children…即年轻人认为夫妻在结婚前或者生小孩前应该在经济上是稳定的，故而C attach importance to pre-marital finance为正确答案。

　　38 答案 D reach almost all aspects of American life

　　解析：此题是细节题。根据关键词定位到第四段第一句…those just starting…will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects …即这些期待即将渗透到美国生活的各个方面，故而D reach almost all aspects of American life为正确答案。

　　39 答案 D getting established is harder for the young

　　解析：此题是文中人物观点题。根据关键词定位到第五段第一句…it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. 即与年长者相比，现如今的年轻人维持生计更加困难，故而D getting established is harder for the young为正确答案。

　　40 答案 C His parents’ good life has little to do with a college degree.

　　解析：此题是正误判断题。根据关键词定位到第六段第五句Looking back…his parents could provide a comfortable life for the children even though neither had completed college when he was young.即父母即便没有上过大学但仍旧可以为孩子提供舒适的生活，故而His parents’ good life has little to do with a college degree.为正确答案。

　　第二篇：

　　21 答案 A Physical beauty would be redefined

　　解析：这是一道细节题，根据France定位到第一段第一句，主干成分为France has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty。此外第二段第二句They suggest beauty should not be define by looks…故而A physical beauty would be redefined为同义替换，即为正确答案。

　　22 答案 D doing harm to

　　解析：此题为词义题。定位到第二段第二句They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. 根据end up 可以看出beauty should not be defined by looks 和that end up impinging on health为顺承关系，所以“改变人们对美不仅仅是外表的定义”可以结束对健康的危害。故而可以推知doing harm to是正确答案。

　　23 答案 B New Standards are being set in Denmark

　　解析：此题是正误判断题。根据第五段第二句话 In Denmark,…it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion…可知B选项 New standards are being set in Denmark是其同义替换。

　　24 答案 C showing little concern for health factors

　　解析：细节题。一个设计师很可能因为什么原因被CFW拒绝，根据关键词可回到文中定位至倒数第二段，首句说丹麦的时尚界就有关模特的年龄，健康及其他特性的内容达成一致意见，切一项新法案也明确规定，他们已经意识到时尚界对于人们尤其是年轻人的身体健康所带来的影响，并且该对此负责，接着下一句就说，这一法规的执行方式就是拒绝一些设计师，因为可以推断设计师很可能因为不考虑身体健康因素而被CFW拒绝。

　　25 答案 D A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

　　解析：主旨题。本文从首段就开始阐述法国的观点，即时尚界已经失去了定义女性身体之美的权利，且议会也禁止网站通过宣传过度节食来强调过度消瘦。二段继续说明美丽不能只看外表更不能以牺牲健康为代价。三段说女性不该让他人来评判自己的美丽。以及后面的段落中也一直在不断说明一点，即健康很重要，不能只看外表。所以文章最佳标题应该是D，对时尚界完美身材的质疑。

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