考研英语阅读理解模拟题

时间:2021-04-11 14:19:13 英语阅读 我要投稿

考研英语阅读理解模拟题

  句子太长也会对阅读造成致命的伤害。这就要求同学们在日常学习英语的过程中,注意长难句的分析,记住一些固定的搭配,熟悉掌握句子结构。下面是小编给大家准备的考研英语的阅读理解的模拟题以及答案解析,一起来看一下吧!

考研英语阅读理解模拟题

  第一篇:

  To paraphrase18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is neededfor the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing。”One suchcause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animalshave rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respondforcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the publicand thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of theanimal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on publicfunding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearingallegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed thatanyone would deliberately harm an animal。

  For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights boothat a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers notto use anything that comes from or is animals—no meat , no fur, nomedicines, Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccinescome from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I wouldhave to say yes。” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “ Don’t worry,scientists will find some way of using computers。” Such well-meaningpeople just don't understand。

  Scientists must communicate their message to the public in acompassionate, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need tomake clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hipreplacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even apet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed toproduce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animalresearch seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst。

  Much can be done. Scientists could“adopt”middleschool classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respondto letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged andacquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be openedto tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, becausethe ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community shouldactively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as StephenCooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is areal possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the preciousembers of medical progress。

  31. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to

  [A] call on scientists to take some actions。

  [B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights。

  [C] warn of the doom of biomedical research。

  [D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement。

  32. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is

  [A] cruel but natural。

  [B] inhuman and unacceptable。

  [C] inevitable but vicious。

  [D] pointless and wasteful。

  33. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show thepublic’s

  [A] discontent with animal research。

  [B] ignorance about medical science。

  [C] indifference to epidemics。

  [D] anxiety about animal rights。

  34. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animalrights advocates, scientists should

  [A] communicate more with the public。

  [B] employ hi-tech means in research。

  [C] feel no shame for their cause。

  [D] strive to develop new cures。

  35. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is

  [A] a well-known humanist。

  [B] a medical practitioner。

  [C] an enthusiast in animal rights。

  [D] a supporter of animal research。

  第二篇:

  Over the pastcentury, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or madeillegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, forthose as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination againstthose whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet。

  It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a bigadvantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phonedirectories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life overZo? Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of thealphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginningwith letters between A and K。

  Thus the American president and vice-president have surnamesstarting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’spredecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of thealphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of theseven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabeticallyadvantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi).The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) areall close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanesecharacters. As are the world’s five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht)。

  Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all thespare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets inearly. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupilsalphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. Soshort-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked theimproving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time thealphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet theresult may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention,as well as less confidence in speaking publicly。

  The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, theABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans mostpeople are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, electionballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawnup alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough throughthem。

  26. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars andZodiac cars?

  [A] A kind of overlooked inequality。

  [B] A type of conspicuous bias。

  [C] A type of personal prejudice。

  [D] A kind of brand discrimination。

  27. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?

  [A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.

  [B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo? Zysman.

  [C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names。

  [D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize。

  28. The 4th paragraph suggests that

  [A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students。

  [B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape form class.

  [C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students.

  [D] students should be seated according to their eyesight。

  29. What does the author mean by “most people areliterally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 5)?

  [A] They are getting impatient。

  [B] They are noisily dozing off。

  [C] They are feeling humiliated。

  [D] They are busy with word puzzles。

  30. Which of the following is true according to the text?

  [A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are oftenill-treated。

  [B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism。

  [C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way togo。

  [D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias。

  答案解析请见第二页:

  >>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<

  第一篇:

  31. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to

  作者在开篇引用EdmundBurke的话是为了

  [A] call on scientists to take some actions. 呼吁科学家采取行动。

  [B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights. 批评被误导的动物权利事业。

  [C] warn of the doom of biomedical research. 警告生物医学研究的厄运。

  [D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement. 展示动物权利运动的胜利。

  【答案】 A

  【考点】 作者意图题。

  【分析】 从第一段我们可以看到EdmundBurke所说的话的意思就是“一个被误导的事业如果要成功,它唯一需要的是好人无所作为”。然后作者紧接着写道“现在就有这样的一个事业:动物权利保护,他们试图阻止生物医学使用动物”。随后出现关键句“科学家们需要采取行动回应这些鼓吹者”。这实际上就是一个呼吁,所以答案应该是[A]。

  32. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is

  被误导的人通常会认为使用动物进行研究是

  [A] cruel but natural. 残忍但是很普通的。

  [B] inhuman and unacceptable. 不人道而且难以接受的。

  [C] inevitable but vicious. 不可避免但是邪恶的。

  [D] pointless and wasteful. 无意义而且是浪费的。

  【答案】 B

  【考点】 推断题。

  【分析】 特征词汇“tend tothink”很明确告诉我们出题人想考查考生能否推断出受误导的人们是怎样看待用动物做试验的。因为文中并没有直接给出答案,这样的题目的解题关键是寻找和题干有关的信息,然后通过推理连接起来这些可能是分散的信息。本题题干中的一个关键词组是“misled people”,首先需要定位,看看“misled people”都有什么看法,然后再做判断。第一段最后一句说“当人们听到医学实验残忍对待动物的指控时,许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动物”。第二段是一个具体的被误导的祖母般的女士的例子,但是文中只是说她反对用动物来做研究。第三段最后一句非常关键:“对于他们来说,动物实验说得好是浪费,说得不好是残忍”。从以上的分析可以看出,受到误导的人们认为用动物做研究是残酷的、不可思议的。四个选项中,[B]最符合原文。[A]中虽然提到了“cruel”,但是“natural”不对,因为被误导的人们不可能认为那是普通的事情。[C]说的是“不可避免的,但是邪恶的”,也不正确,因为文章中没有提到不可避免这个说法。[D]项说的是“毫无意义,浪费的”,文中没有提到毫无意义这个意思。

  33. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show thepublic’s

  老太太的例子被用来说明公众

  [A] discontent with animal research. 对动物研究的不满。

  [B] ignorance about medical science. 对医学的无知。

  [C] indifference to epidemics. 对流行病的冷漠。

  [D] anxiety about animal rights. 对动物权益的忧虑。

  【答案】 B

  【考点】 作者意图题。

  【分析】 这个例子说的是一位老太太向大家散发传单,号召大家不要用任何来自于动物或在动物身上试验过的东西。当问及是否反对使用疫苗时,老太大说,若疫苗也来源于动物,那么就不应使用疫苗,流行病自有科学家们用计算机来解决。可见老太太对科学的无知。而她的这种无知是很普遍的。作者在第二段最后一句话感叹“这些好心人压根儿就不明白”,所以答案为[B]。[A]说的是公众对动物试验的不满。但是,老太太的例子不仅仅是为了说明这一点。这个论据反映的是什么论点呢?从全文来看,作者的目的不是为了写公众有多愤怒,而在于指出公众不满的根源——对医学研究不了解,然后呼唤科学家们针对这个根源采取行动。所以老太太的例子反映的是公众的无知。

  34. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animalrights advocates, scientists should作者认为,科学家在面临动物权利保护鼓吹者的挑战时,应该

  [A] communicate more with the public. 更多地与公众交流。

  [B] employ hi-tech means in research. 在研究中采用高科技手段。

  [C] feel no shame for their cause. 对自己的事业不感到羞耻。

  [D] strive to develop new cures. 努力开发新的治疗方法。

  【答案】 A

  【考点】 作者态度题。

  【分析】 在解答这类题目的时候,考生应该按照题干关键词去寻找答案线索可能的所在地。本题关键词“challenge from animal rights advocates”,以及“scientistsshould”,解题线索可在最后两段中找出。作者向科学家们提出的建议都是有助于他们与公众更好的交流。答案很明显,是[A]。选项[B]、[C]、[D]貌似合理,其实文中都没有提到。

  35. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is

  从本文中我们得知StephenCooper是一位

  [A] a well-known humanist. 著名的人道主义者。

  [B] a medical practitioner. 医疗从业人员。

  [C] an enthusiast in animal rights. 动物权力的狂热者。

  [D] a supporter of animal research. 动物研究的支持者。

  【答案】 D

  【考点】 推断题。

  【分析】 首先根据“StephenCooper”定位到最后一段,我们可以找到线索“Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients... StephenCooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research.。.”。从这句话中,我们知道“Cooper”是个名人,也是病患者,他曾经高度赞扬过动物研究的价值。所以,我们可以推断出他是支持动物研究的。正确答案是选项[D]。

  难句解析:

  1. All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is thatgood people do nothing。

  【结构分析】本句的主句结构是“all… is that…”。“all”的后边接了一个“that”引导的定语从句。第二个“that”引导的是表语从句。这句话的意思理解也有难度,尤其是放在第一句,很多人由于没有能够读懂这一句的意思从而影响了后面的理解。“misguided”的意思是“被误导的”。

  2. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances inhealth knowledge and care.

  【结构分析】句子的主干是“Scientists need to respond to animal rights advocates”,“whose”引导一个定语从句,指代“animalrights advocates”。“are confusing”和“(are)threatening”是并列的谓语。单词“thereby”的意思是“因此,从而, 在那方面”。

  3. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rightsbooth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouragedreaders not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, nofur, no medicines。

  【结构分析】句子的主句是“a woman was distributing a brochure”。“staffing”是现在分词做后置定语;“brochure”后边的“that”引导一个定语从句,修饰“brochure”。“anything”后边的“that”也接一个定语从句,限定修饰“anything”。“staff”在此句中作动词使用,“staff”在用作名词的时候表示“员工,职员”,但是在用作动词的时候,就表示“充当职员”。“booth”实际上指的就是“摊位”或“摊棚”,“fair”就是一次“展销会”或者“集市”。

  4. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed toproduce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animalresearch seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst。

  【结构分析】本句的主句结构是“animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst”。“as well as newtreatments and vaccines”此部分是一个状语。“those”的后边跟了一个“who”引导的定语从句。“at best”的意思是“最好的情况下”,“at worst”的意思是“最坏的情况下”。

  全文翻译:

  18世纪政治家埃德蒙·柏克曾说过类似这样的话,“一个被误导的事业如果要成功,它唯一需要的是好人无所作为”。现在就有这样的一个事业,正在寻求终止生物医学的研究,因为它们的一种理论说,动物有禁止自己被用于实验的权利。科学家应该强有力的回应动物权利鼓吹者,因为他们的言论混淆了公众视听,从而威胁到卫生知识和卫生保健的进步。动物权利运动的领导者将矛头指向生物医学研究,原因在于生物医学研究依赖公共资金的资助,并且很少有人懂得医学研究的过程。当人们听到医学实验虐待动物的指控时,许多人都很困惑为什么有人会故意伤害动物。

  例如,在近期的一次集市上,一位老奶奶为动物权利宣传点散发小册子。规劝人们不要使用动物制品和动物实验制品——肉类,毛皮,药物。当她被问到是否反对免疫接种时,她问疫苗是否来自动物实验。当被告知的确如此,她回答道,“那么我不得不说,是的,我反对接种”。当被问到瘟疫发生怎么办时,她说,“不用担心,科学家会找到一种方法,用计算机来解决问题”。看,这样好心的人根本就不明白为什么做生物医学研究。

  科学家必须把他们的意思传达给公众,并且要有感情的和使用通俗易懂的语言,也就是说,要使用一般人能够明白的语言,而不要使用分子生物学的术语。我们需要说明动物研究与祖母的髋骨置换术、父亲的心脏搭桥手术、婴儿的免疫接种、甚至宠物的针剂注射之间都密切相关。对于那些不知道需要动物研究来做这些治疗以及进行新的治疗和研究新的疫苗的人来说,动物实验说得好是浪费,说得不好是残忍。

  有很多事情可以做。科学家可以进入中学课堂,展示他们的实验结果。他们应该对报刊的读者来信及时做出反应,以防止动物权利的误导言论在毫无质疑的情况下横行,从而获得一副真理的面容。科研机构应该对外开放,让人参观,向人们展示实验室里的动物获得了人道的照顾。最后,因为最终决定因素是病人,医疗研究机构不仅应该积极争取斯蒂芬·库柏这样的名人的支持——他对动物实验的价值勇敢地进行了肯定——而且应该争取所有接受治疗的病人的支持。如果好人无所作为,一群不明真相的公众真的有可能扑灭医学进步的宝贵火种。

  第二篇:

  26. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars andZodiac cars?

  作者用“AAAA汽车”和“Zodiac汽车”来例证什么?

  [A] A kind of overlooked inequality. 某种被忽视的不平等。

  [B] A type of conspicuous bias. 某种显而易见的偏见。

  [C] A type of personal prejudice. 某种个人的偏见。

  [D] A kind of brand discrimination. 某种品牌上的歧视。

  【答案】 A

  【考点】 判断题。

  【分析】 本题考查作者的写作意图,即作者用这两个例子试图来证明什么问题。通常人们只有在需要证明某个方面的问题时才会引用例子,那么作者用这两个例子究竟是为了说明什么问题呢?其实考生在读完第一段之后就应该比较清楚作者的意图了,即他正在试图证明按字母排序这一隐蔽的不公平现象。[B]“某种显而易见的偏见”错在“显而易见”。[C]“某种个人的偏见”错在“个人”。[D]“某种品牌上的歧视”是故意在偷换概念,举这两个例子不是为了说明哪一个品牌好,而是为了证明字母顺序主义的存在与危害。

  27. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?

  从文章前三段,我们可以推断出什么?

  [A] In both East and West, names are essential to success。

  在东方和西方,名字对于成功来说都是至关重要的。

  [B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo? Zysman.

  Zo.Zysman的失败应该归咎于字母表。

  [C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names。

  顾客通常很注重公司的名字。。

  [D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize。

  某种歧视过于微妙以至于难以被人发现。

  【答案】 D

  【考点】 文章结构与举例说明题。

  【分析】 考生只有通读作者要求的这三段,才能够得出正确结论。第一段提出“字母顺序主义”这一说法,第二段举例说明这种现象在生活中的表现,第三段举例说明“字母顺序主义”在名人身上的体现。在上题中说过,举例都是为了证明某个观点,也就是说,第二和第三段都是为了证明第一段提出的论点。从几个关键的单词、词组“insidious”,“unaware”以及“less well known”我们可以推断出正确选项[D]“某种歧视过于微妙以至于难以被人发现。”。选项[A]显得过于绝对。将某一个人或者某一类人的失败全部归咎于字母是有失偏颇的,文章中只是说,由于名字靠后,有一些学生可能容易被老师忽视,从而导致学习的失败,但是这不能说明都是字母的责任,而且这一点已经不在前三段了。选项[C]这一说法也是以偏概全,文中只是说顾客容易受到字母排序的影响从而注意到排名靠前的出租车公司而已。

  28. The 4th paragraph suggests that 第四段暗示

  [A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students。

  更加聪明的学生经常被提问。

  [B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape form class。

  姓氏在字母排序中处于劣势的学生经常逃课。

  [C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students。

  老师应该关注所有的学生。

  [D] students should be seated according to their eyesight。

  学生应该按照视力的好坏来排座位。

  【答案】 C

  【考点】 推断题。

  【分析】 文章中没有直接给出一个答案,考生必须自己通过透彻的`理解原文才能得出结论。第四段认为“这不是巧合,按字母表顺序排名靠后而吃亏的人在业余时间凭空想出一种理论认为这种倒霉事儿很早就开始了。在幼儿学校第一年之始,老师为了较为容易记住学生的名字,就按字母表顺序由前往后给学生排座位。因此近视的小Zysman就被安排在了后排,这样一来,粗心的教师提出的有助于提高的问题就很少会问到他。这时,按字母表顺序排名靠后的学生还认为他们能逃避老师的问题很幸运。然而,结果可能就是成绩欠佳,因为这种学生得到的个人关注较少,同时当众讲话时的信心也不足”。至此,作者再一次试图论证其论点,即“按照字母排序是隐蔽的不平等”。而且这还导致了学生不能够得到公平的教育机会,也就是在说,老师们该关注关注那些按字母排序吃亏的人了,因此选项[C]比较符合文意。[D]是一种貌似正确实际上以偏概全的说法,没有达到作者想要表达的高度,是一种比较肤浅的表象的看法,有些考生没有仔细精读原文,就可能受其影响。

  29. What does the author mean by “most people areliterally having a ZZZ”(Lines 2-3, Paragraph 5)?

  “most people are literally having a ZZZ”(第五段第二、三行)是什么意思?

  [A] They are getting impatient. 他们急不可耐。

  [B] They are noisily dozing off. 他们鼾声大作。

  [C] They are feeling humiliated. 他们感觉受到了屈辱。

  [D] They are busy with word puzzles. 他们忙于拼字游戏。。

  【答案】 B

  【考点】 推断题。

  【分析】 看第五段“这种羞辱继续着。在大学的毕业典礼上,姓名首字母是A、B、C的学生骄傲地首先领到奖品;等轮到Zysman们领奖品的时候,大多数人差不多都在‘ZZZ’了”。在西方漫画中,“ZZZ”就是表示打鼾,这是考查考生平日的英语学习中是否对西方文化背景知识给予足够的关注。

  30. Which of the following is true according to the text?

  根据本文,以下哪一种说法是正确的?

  [A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated。

  姓氏字母为N到Z的人经常受到不公平的对待。

  [B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism。

  西方世界的重要人士从字母顺序主义中获益颇丰。

  [C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go。

  消除字母顺序主义的运动仍然任重而道远。

  [D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias。

  凡是按照字母排序把事物排列的做法可能会导致无意识的偏见。

  【答案】 D

  【考点】 事实细节题。

  【分析】 本题考查的是事实细节,而且选项跨度很大,只有在通篇阅读本文并且取得深刻认识之后,我们才有可能完全答对本道题目。选项[A]这一说法的问题出在作者提到“A-K”,而不是到“M”,而且“ill-treated”这个单词有点过了,因为字母顺序主义导致的不公平与主观的虐待还是有很大区别的。选项[B]这一说法的问题出在程度的限定上。文章中提到许多杰出人士在字母排序中靠前,但是这只能够说这些人相比字母靠后的人可能更容易成功,而且西方世界的重要人士这个主语太大了,它也包括字母靠后的那些重要人士,而且用“gain a great deal”都显得过于夸张。[C]这个说法与作者的意图不同,作者只是在论证字母顺序主义这样一种不平等现象,但是并没有提出要消除字母顺序主义。只有选项[D]还比较合理,来自于首段的第二、三句。

  难句解析:

  1. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers todiscrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lowerhalf of the alphabet。

  【结构分析】该句子的主句是“this refers to discrimination”。主语“this”和谓语“refersto”之间插入了介宾短语“for those”作状语,“those”后跟着形容词短语“unaware of…”作其定语,宾语“discrimination”后跟介宾短语“against those…”作定语,“those”后又有“whose”引导的定语从句来修饰。

  2. Thus the American president and vice-president have surnamesstarting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’spredecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of thealphabet against just 16 in the second half。

  【结构分析】“and”将本句分为两个并列分句,第一个分句即“American president and vice-president have surnames”,第二个分句是“26of…had surnames”。第一个分句的宾语“surnames”后是现在分词结构“starting with”作定语;第二个分句宾语紧跟的介词结构“in the first half of the alphabet”作定语。

  全文翻译:

  在过去的一个世纪里各种各样的不公和歧视遭到了谴责或定为非法。但是有一种隐蔽的不公和歧视形式还在盛行:字母顺序主义。对于尚未意识到其危害的人来说,它指的是针对那些姓氏起始字母位于字母表后半部的人的歧视。

  人们早已知道在客户翻阅电话簿时,名叫AAAA的出租汽车公司要比Zodiac出租汽车公司有很大的优越性。至于在生活方面,一个名叫Adam Abbott的人较之一个名为Zo? Zysman的人占了多大的优势就不那么为人所知了。英语的姓名虽然在字母表的前后两部分的分布相当平均,但杰出人物的姓名的首字母在A与K之间的却多得可疑。

  如此这般,美国的总统和副总统的姓氏分别是以B和C字母起头。乔治·布什的前任有二十六位(包括其父)的姓氏均在字母表的前半部分,而姓氏在字母表后半部的却仅有十六位。更加令人瞩目的是七国首脑中有六位在其姓氏按字母表顺序排名时靠前(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,Chrétien,Koizumi)。世界三大中央银行家(Greenspan,Duisenberg,Hayami)的姓氏首字母全都接近字母表的上端,三人之中有一人名字尽管用的是日文,也是如此。世界上最富有的前五位情况也是如此(Gates,Buffett,Allen,Ellison,Albrecht)。

  这仅仅是巧合吗?按字母表顺序排名靠后而吃亏的人在业余时间凭空想出一种理论,认为这种倒霉事儿很早就开始了。在幼儿学校第一年之始,老师为了较为容易记住学生的名字,就按字母表顺序由前往后给学生排座位。因此近视的小Zysman就被安排在了后排,这样一来,粗心的教师提出的有助于提高学生能力的问题就很少会问到他。这时,按字母表顺序排名靠后的学生还认为他们能逃避老师的问题很幸运。然而,结果可能就是成绩欠佳,因为这种学生得到的个人关注较少,同时当众讲话时的信心也不足。

  这种耻辱还在继续着。在大学的毕业典礼上,姓名首字母是A、B、C的学生骄傲的首先领到奖品;等轮到Zysman们领奖品的时候,大多数人简直都在鼾声大作了。求职面试、选举投票、会议发言或参加会议等诸多名单,也是按字母表顺序排序,当人们费劲地向下查看时,兴趣随之索然。

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