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2016届高考英语阅读改错提升训练 科普知识
明天就要高考了，今天小编准备了一些比较有代表性的高考英语阅读理解题给大家考前练练手，希望可以帮助同学们在高考前尽快找到自己的做题状态。
科普知识
维A1 阅读理解(每题2分，满分分)
高考曾用材料：2012大纲全国卷ⅡB篇
选材相似度：★★★
设题相似度：★★★
难度系数：★★★★★
Scientists at Royal Holloway，University of London and Queen Mary，University of London have discovered that bees learn to fly the shortest possible route between flowers even if they discover the flowers in a different order.Bees are effectively solving the “traveling salesman problem”，and they are the first creatures found to do this.
The traveling salesman must find the shortest route that allows him to visit all locations on his route.Computers solve it by comparing the length of all possible routes and choosing the shortest，and it can keep computers busy for days.However，bees solve it without computer assistance using a brain the size of grass seed.
Dr.Nigel Raine，from the School of Biological Sciences at Royal Holloway explains，“Bees solve traveling salesman problems every day.They visit flowers at multiple locations and because bees use lots of energy to fly，they find a route which keeps flying to a minimum.”
The team used the computer to control artificial flowers to test whether bees would follow a route defined by the order in which they discovered the flowers or if they would find the shortest route.After exploring the location of the flowers，bees quickly learned to fly the shortest route.
As well as improving our understanding of how bees move around the landscape pollinating crops and wild flowers，this research，which is due to be published in The American Naturalist，has other applications.Our lifestyle relies on networks such as traffic on the roads，information flow on the Web and business supply chains.By understanding how bees can solve their problems with such a tiny brain，we can improve our management of these everyday networks without needing lots of computer time.Dr.Raine adds，“Despite their tiny brains bees are capable of extraordinary feats of behavior.We need to understand how they can solve the traveling salesman problem without a computer.”
Note：
pollinate vt.授粉
【语篇解读】 英国的科学家发现，蜜峰在花丛中飞行时，总是能够找到最近的路线，这个“销售员旅行难题”即使电脑也需要好几天才能解决。 1.What would be the best title of the passage?
A. Bees help salesmen travel
B.Troybrained bees solve a complex mathematical problem
C.How bees discover the flowers
D.How to solve the “traveling salesman problem”
答案 B [主旨大意题。“销售员旅行难题”用计算机也得需要几天才能解决，而蜜峰毫不费力地就能在花丛中找到最近的飞行路线，故B项作为文章的标题最贴切、生动。]
2.We may infer from the second paragraph that the “traveling salesman problem” ________.
A.can be solved by a computer easily
B.can't even be solved by a computer
C.can puzzle both people and computers
D.remains to be solved by scientists
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第二段可知，销售员在出发之前必须找到合适的路线，这个“销售员旅行难题”即使电脑也需要好几天才能解决。]
3.The main purpose of the last paragraph is to ________.
A.provide further proof for the research
B.tell us how bees can fly the shortest route between flowers
C.tell us how the research about bees' flying route was conducted
D.explain the significance of the research
答案 D [推理判断题。最后一段说明了蜜峰飞行路线研究的意义和目的，是为了帮助我们在实际生活中更好地节省时间和精力。]
4.It can be concluded from the passage that ________.
A.all creatures are smarter than computers
B.the research about bees' flying route can be applied to many fields
C.our networks are more complex than bees' ones
D.with the help of the computer we can find out how bees can solve the “traveling salesman problem”
答案 B [推理判断题。根据最后一段可以推断出对蜜峰飞行路线的研究可以应用到其他领域中。]
维A2 阅读理解(每题2分，满分分)
选材网站：www.cnielts.com/topic
高考曾用材料：2012新课标全国卷D篇
选材相似度：★★★★
设题相似度：★★★
难度系数：★★★★★
If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed，it is found to vary only slightly from place to place.Nevertheless，some of these small changes are important.There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity.One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation—conversion of liquid water to water vapor.In this manner the salinity is increased，since the salts stay behind.If this is carried to the extreme，of course，white crystals of salt would be left behind.