医学考博英语写作模板
医学考博英语写作时，出现在考生头脑中的，首先是具有成人特点的地道的汉语思维的语句，把这种语句直接写成英语，难度很大，结果往往弄巧成拙。为了帮助大家更好的完成考博时的英语作文，小编整理了一些模板，希望能帮到大家!
答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all,__途径一______. In addition, another way coontributing to success of the solving problem is ___ 途径二_____.
Above all, to solve the problem of _作文题目, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, _方法
不同观点列举型( ( 选择型) )
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows:in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goeswithout saying that ___观点一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一____. On the other hand, __原因二___. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is notonly because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more
利弊型的议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception,and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition,____缺点二______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.
实用性写作( ( 申请信 ) )
Your address
Month, Date, year
Receiver's address
Dear ...,
I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in ....
And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising. .../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand, .... On the other hand, .... I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.
I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.
Best regards for your health and success.
Sincerely yours,
图表作文的模板
As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
医学考博英语写作的两个技巧
一、规避
规避不仅仅是因为意思及语句复杂，难以用英语表达，而且是因为其意思及语句不属于主要论点，避而不谈之后，对中心思想的完整性影响不大。例如：
在1997年的医学考博英语写作考题中， “碳水化合物是最主要也是最经济的功能营养素。1克碳水化合物能提供的热量为16.7千焦。蛋白质的供热量虽与碳水化合物相同，但价格较贵。1克脂肪能提供的热量为37.7千焦，但食物易产生饱腻感，无法摄入过多。” “但是在碳水化合物提供热量不足的情况下，蛋白质和脂肪将首先被消耗以提供热量，不能发挥他们原有的功能，从而导致肌体生长发育迟滞。严重者可引起营养不良，表现为体重不增、食欲不振、各器官功能低下、容易反复感染等。” “以3岁小儿为例，每日应得到的总热量为5.86兆焦，约需碳水化合物210克，折合大米约280克。”这些句子都可以避而不谈。
又如，在2004年的医学考博英语写作考题中，“民营医院的出现让人想起十几年前人们对超市的概念认识也是比较模糊的。即使总认为里面装修豪华、高档，但因商品很贵而不愿进门。而今超市大大普及了，人们纷纷进入购物，因为物有所值。民营医院或许正有类似的经历，它也将有一个自然成长的过程。而2002年我国政府又提出了在卫生资源相对过剩的地方，鼓励投资者通过收购、重组现有公立医院的方式举办赢利性医疗机构和民办非赢利性医疗机构，提出了社会资本投资着重于目前服务能力较欠缺的老年慢性病护理、康复、婴幼儿保健等领域”， “不同于民营医院的是，医药费还可以报销。” 这些大段的话都可以基本不去考虑怎么用英语表达。
有时原文的语句很重要，不能规避，但用英语表达又有困难，这时可以考虑部分规避，也就是简化。如在2004年的考题中， “随着社会观念的变化和政策环境的改善，民营医院必能与公立医院相辅相成，互争高低，成为医疗卫生界一道独特的风景，从而为人民群众提供更多更好的医疗服务。”是一句重要的结论性句子，最好用英语表达出来。那么可以简化为“随着社会观念的变化和政策的改善，民营医院必能与公立医院一道为人民提供更好的医疗服务。” 还有，“为了留住病人，公立医院开始实施全方位的改革措施，不仅在管理体制上、人事制度上进行改革，而且更多的是纷纷打起了技术、服务、环境、价格牌。”也可以简化为“为了留住病人，公立医院在管理上开始实施全面改革”。
在摘要写作的考试中，规避是比较容易掌握的技巧，但规避得恰倒好处还需要有意识的设计，考生可以通过实战练习细心揣摩。
二、变通
一个意念功能，可以用几种大体相当的语言方式表达出来，这是语言能力熟练的表现和结果。英语专业的学生，都经过这方面的长期训练，才达到熟练的英语表达能力。我们把这种训练叫做paraphrase。Paraphrase的能力，就是变通的能力。非英语专业的学生，往往没有这种训练，也就很难用多种不同的形式来表达同一种意念。但我们在培养英语写作能力的过程中，要有意识地注意练习和培养这种能力。
一个重要的概念，我们不能规避，但它的汉语表达形式让我们感到用英语表达不出来，或者感到硬用英语表达出来，结果多半是错的。这时，我们就需要运用变通的技巧，或者说能力。变通就是将汉语的意念，用我们能够掌握的英语形式大体相当地表达出来。变通的原则是把不会的变成会的，把复杂的变成简单的。这和上面所讲的“写你会写的，不要写你想写的”原则是一致的。
变通有词与词组层面上的和句子层面上的两种，下面再举例说明。
意念 正常表达 变通表达
雌激素 estrogen female hormone
冲动 impulse sudden excitement
悲剧 tragedy sad result
诱发 induce lead to; result in
慢跑 jogging slow running
“打技术、管理牌”肯定不能说成“play technological and management cards”, 可以根据上下文的具体情况，变通成 “改善技术、管理”(improve technology and management)或者“利用技术、管理”(make use of technology and management)。
要表达“乡村一级卫生院医疗质量无法保证”， 如果有考生觉得“质量无法保证”不好说，一下子又想不起来“保证”如何拼写，最好变通一下，说一个大概类似的意念就行了：“乡村一级卫生院医疗质量通常不好。”或者“无法有好的医疗质量在乡村一级的卫生院。”变通成我们熟悉的形式之后，表达起来成功的把握就大多了：
You can not have good medical services in village clinics.
或者：
The quality of medical services in village clinics is usually poor.
另外，当同一种意念有多种表达方式时，我们的选择要注意使得文章种的句式有变化，或者是我们最有把握的那一种。如果原句为“洋医院的优势在于，病人能得到医务人员的尊重和周到的服务。”可以表达的句式有：
“The advantage of foreign-invested hospitals is that a patient can enjoy respect and considerate medical services from medical workers.”(表语从句);以及：
“It is to the advantage of foreign-invested hospitals that a patient can enjoy respect and considerate medical services from medical workers.”(主语从句);以及：
Foreign-invested hospitals have an advantage that a patient can enjoy respect and considerate medical services from medical workers.” (同位语从句);
Foreign-invested hospitals have an advantage, because a patient can enjoy respect and considerate medical services from medical workers. (原因状语从句)
考生可以根据自己的情况来选择。
再例如，“忽视人的心理社会背景，影响了医疗服务的质量。”可以有以下表达：
If a doctor overlooks the social and mental background of his patient, his medical service can be weakened. (条件关系，忽视)
Ignorance of the social and mental background of a patient can have a negative effect on the outcome of the medical service. (忽视，影响)
Neglect of the social and metal background of a patient can harm the medical service. (忽视，有害)
When a doctor does not pay attention to the social and mental background of a patient, he can not provide good medical services. (注意，提供)
Ignorance of the social and mental background of a patient can result in poorer outcome of the medical service. (忽视，因果关系)
考生可以根据自己所掌握的句型的熟练程度或上下文，自行做出好的'选择。
总之，变通是一种必需的、有效的写作策略，随着英语语言能力的提高，变通的能力和技巧也会日益熟练，医学考博英语写作将不再是一件让人头痛的苦差事。
撰写医学考博英语作文摘要的基本方法
摘要写作是指作者用自己的语言对一段文章的内容进行简要的描述。这段描述应针对原文章的中心论点，还应包括原文中支持中心论点的所有的主要论点并遵循同样的顺序和逻辑关系。摘要中不能含有任何作者自己的观点，看法和结论。在阅读原文的过程中，考生不能只见树木，不见深林，而要在阅读中的同时形成与原文论点相应的轮廓。考生既要捕捉到中心论点，又要将其和支撑论点加以区分，将不同的支撑论点和中心论点联合成一个天衣无缝的整体，同时不能丢失主要的例证。摘要写作是培养阅读中养成严谨、精确、积极思维与综合判断的良好阅读习惯的必要步骤。一份完美的摘要几乎包含了完美写作中的全部要求：连贯一致、明白无误、逻辑清晰、简洁扼要、结构严谨、语言流畅。在写作过程中，考生应在头脑中时刻以以上标准询问和要求自己。
历年的摘要写作要求考生根据一篇800-1000字的汉语医学科普文章，写出一篇200字的英文摘要。这样的文章虽然题材广泛、内容庞杂，但都有一定的写作章法和规范可循，考生可以在认真阅读原文的基础上，用英文对其进行再加工和整理。首先在头脑中将原文的主要内容和例证及结论以大纲的形式加以整理清晰，然后再用客观、规范的科学英语将其表述出来。摘要的长度不应超过原文的四分之一或五分之一，考生写作前要仔细阅读字数与时间要求。
标准摘要的基本特征
1.摘要是中文原文的小型化模型：
摘要中不能含有任何非作者的观点，考生不能在写作中心血来潮的加进自己的评论和想法。摘要中也不能加进自己的是与非、对与错的价值判断。整个摘要应该是小于四分之一或五分之一原文、与原文有着的深层同构关系的小型化模型。
2.摘要应具有原文的基本要素：
摘要既是原文“麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”的模型，就应包含原文中的所有观点，哪怕只是一笔带过， 也不应仅仅写出第一个主要论点和唯一的论点。仅写出主要观点或一个例证都不能使读者对原文 的全貌有一个完整的了解。摘要应是对原文的小型克隆，包含原文的一切基本要素。
3.摘要应注意与原文整体的对称与平衡：
摘要应切题，体裁要符合原文。考生在写作时应对每个论点和支撑论点都要给予相等的注意，并用与原文相应而减少的字数进行写作，不能在不同的段落随便增加或减少字数。这样的摘要才会在结构、内容和体裁上与原文保持一致性、对称性和平衡性，从而以小见大、保持原文的全貌。
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