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英语写作的逻辑结构
每一种写作，无论是求职信、申请信、新闻报道、科幻小说都有各自的结构。这种结构就是文章的骨架，是文章的基本要素，下面是小编精心整理的英语写作的逻辑结构，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
1、分类结构：
在分类结构中，一系列同样重要的主题将被阐述。政治演说，如竞选演说，甚至国情咨文演说，都是分类结构的例子。求职信中你可能会使用类似的结构，因为你会描述使你成为这个职位理想人选的所有特质。
Categorical: In a categorical structure, a series of equally important topics are addressed. A political speech, like a campaign speech or even The State of the Union Address, is a good example of categorical writing. You might use a similar structure in a cover letter for a job application, in which you describe all of your traits that would make you an ideal candidate for the position.
2、评价结构：
在评价结构中，一个问题会首先被引入，然后作者再进行利弊的权衡。在写电子邮件时，你可以使用一个评价结构来询问一个好朋友的建议。
Evaluative: In an evaluative structure, a problem is introduced, and then pros and cons are weighed. You might employ an evaluative structure when writing an e-mail to ask a close friend for advice.
3、时间逻辑结构：
当你的注意力更多地是真实地讲述故事而不是最终结果时，就采用时间顺序结构。想想笑话是怎么讲的：”三个家伙走进酒吧……“ 设置一系列事件来传递最后的Punchline(关键语、笑料)。同样的，大多数短篇故事和小说都是以时间顺序进行的。
Chronological: When your focus is more the actual telling of the story than the end result, employ a chronological structure. Think of joke telling. "Three guys walk into a bar…" sets up a sequence of events to deliver that final punch line. Similarly, most short stories and novels are written chronologically.
4、对比结构：
对比结构类似于评价结构，但是这种结构用于要分析的目标有更多的层级需要衡量的情况。在准备辩论赛的辩论稿时，你可以用对比结构来阐述你的观点比对方的观点强的原因。你也可以用对比结构阐述你为什么觉得市议会提高当地税收的决定是不正确的。
Comparative: This structure is similar to evaluative, but it is used when there are more layers to the situation at hand that is being weighed. You might use a comparative structure if you were writing a speech for a debate team to explain the various reasons why you feel your point is stronger than your opponent’s. Or you might use a comparative structure to write a letter to the editor explaining all the reasons you disagree with the city council’s decision to raise local taxes.
5、顺序结构：
顺序结构与时间逻辑结构相似，但是这种结构通常会包含一种指引性的语气和一步一步的过程的说明。如果你想要教别人怎么做巧克力千层蛋糕、或者怎么找到当地的住宿，你都应该用这种结构写作，用上“首先“、“然后”、“接着”、“最后”等词。
Sequential: This structure is similar to Chronological, but is normally employed with a how-to voice when a step-by-step process is being described. If you were going to write about how to make your famous chocolate layer cake, or how to get to a great bed-and-breakfast you discovered out in the country, you would write sequentially, using words like, "First," "Next," "Then," and "Finally" to clarify your instructions.
6、因果结构：
这个结构一看其来似乎跟对比结构相似，但这种结构里面不包含不同内容之间的比较，而是探讨一件事情的起因和结果。你可以用这种结构探讨空气污染的原因，或者写信说明你为什么要辞职。
Causal: This structure might at first glance seem similar to Comparative structures, but it differs in that it does not involve weighing options against one another. Instead, it discusses the causes and then the effects regarding a particular topic or issue in that order. You might use this structure if you were writing an article on how something has come about, such as the contributing factors to air pollution. Or you might employ this technique in a letter explaining why you have decided to resign from your job.
在知道了各种不同的写作逻辑结构之后，开始去关注你接触到的文章的“骨架”吧。无论是看报纸杂志或者网络文章，你都应该留意一下它们的基本论点都是怎么组织的。好的写作者会持续不断地关注自己所阅读的东西来磨练自己的技巧。
Now that you know about the different kinds of structures, start paying attention to the skeletons of all the pieces of writing around you. The next time you flip through a magazine in a doctor’s waiting room, or skim through a weekly e-newsletter that you subscribe to, or even read a letter from a friend, take some time to x-ray the writing and see how its bare bones are connected. Good writers hone their skills by being constantly aware of what they’re reading.
拓展：英语写作结构技巧
一、三段成文，段段紧扣主旨
考博英语作文可安排为三段式结构，每个段落都为图中所表达的中心主旨服务。
第一段：考生应根据所给的文字叙述内容，提炼主题。根据要求拟定文章提纲，确定文章结构以及思想。第一段的主要内容为全篇文章的中心主旨句及要阐述的观点。
第二段：分两至三个分论点，文中可以附加例子来对中心论点进行论证和照应。
第三段：总结观点，在此深化印证中心论点，并提出建议、建议的原因以及解决措施。
二、段首点睛，写好中心主旨句
各个段首是做文章最重要的句子，一方面句首一般为段落的中心主旨句，在对图画进行整体和细节的描述之后，对整个段落进行总结，提炼出中心主旨句。另一方面，段首是阅卷老师首先看到的句子，阅卷老师的“第一眼”直接决定了考生的作文成绩。闪光的段首句可以画龙点睛，从而提高整体的作文分数。
三、尾句升华，完美展现功底
结尾句与段首句同样重要，有一个好的结尾总述段落，回扣全文的中心主旨，是一篇文章结构完成与否的重要前提。同样，段尾句也是阅卷老师落眼的“宝地”，漂亮的结尾是能让考生英语功底良好的展现出来。要写好段落结尾句，首先应该做到没有语病，其次是语言表述够新颖，最后，做到升华主旨，让文章完美收官。
拓展：英语写作中的“结构重组”写作技巧
（1）简单句类（所谓简单句，即是含有一个动词的句子）
看一例：他嗓门大。最容易翻译成：His voice is loud .
评语：超级直白
而更好的翻译是：He has a loud voice. 其实就成了 他有一个大嗓门。如果第一步便翻译成he has a loud voice，恭喜，你就被归入少数具备英语思维的高手类了，就这么简单。
对策：多多积攒类似例句，然后多多模仿。
试一个：她身材好，便可翻译成：She has a good figure.
（2）复杂句类
看一例：我抬头一看，只见一群衣衫褴褛的孩子，默默无声得站于四周，观看着我俩进餐。
按照原文语序很容易翻成：I looked up and saw that a group of children in rags surrounding us silently and seeing us eating dinner.
评语：直白，动词堆砌，不流畅。
先准备语言信息：抬头一看：look up；衣衫褴褛的孩子：children in rags；默默：silently；观看：look at 。最后范文是：Looking up, I saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us as we ate .
分析：范文用到了现在分词作伴随 状语（looking up,），主动意思由被动形式表达，（were surrounded by）并设计出一个定语从句来（who were looking at us as we ate）原文中看不出来定语（…的）痕迹。
对策：含有多个动词的句子，将动词进行主次区分，次要动词非谓语化，主要动词谓语化，附带从句设计，定语从句首当其冲现行被考虑。
总之，写句子时，不要立马下手，凝神定气，多三思，在结构安排上有所建树和创新，大胆将信息重组，结构优化，力图写出地道的英文句子，这是个长期的功夫。
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