2017年职称英语考试综合类A阅读理解专项练习题
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Political Spins
Last week, US White House spokesman Tony Snow sent journalists digging for their
dictionaries. He called recent criticism by the former President Bill Clinton "chutzpah" ( 大胆放肆).
With just. one sentence, Snow managed to make headlines, a joke and a defense of President George W. Bush. Interestingly, this is how battles are fought and won in US politics--with carefully-worded one-liners ( 一行自幕新闻 ) made for TV which often lack substance and clarity (清晰度) .
"The amount of information that candidates attempt to communicate to people is actually getting smaller and smaller," said Mark Smith, a political science professor at Cedarville University.
This has been accompanied by a changing media environment, Smith said. In 1968, the average TV or radio soundbite (演讲中的句子或短语) was 48 seconds, according to Smith. In 1996, the average soundbite had shrunk to 8 seconds. Thus, politicians wanting publicity try to make their public communication as quotable as possible.
Campaigning politicians also use 30-second TV ads and clever campaign slogans to boost their messages. Republican presidential candidate John McCain rides to campaign stops in a bus named the "Straight Talk Express". McCain hopes the name will convince voters he plans to tell people the truth--whether it's in fashion or not. Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton,on the other hand, has chosen the campaign slogan "Let the conversation begin". She hopes it will help her appear open-minded and friendly.
But one-liners, TV ads and campaign slogans all have a single key ingredient: something commonly called political "spin". Brooks Jackson, a former journalist and the current director of the non-partisan (无党派的) website FactCheck. org, calls spin "just a polite word for deception ( 欺骗) "
"I do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin," said Jackson. Strong partisans suffer from a universal human tendency: They ignore the evidence that would force them into the uncomfortable position of having to change their minds and admit that they were wrong.
I.Which statement is NOT true of one-liners?
A. They are unclear.
B. They contain a lot of information.
C. They lack substance.
D. They are carefully constructed.
2.What changed from 1968 to 1996?
A. Publicity.
B. Information.
C. Communication.
D. The average soundbite.
3.The campaign slogan "Straight Talk Express" aims at convincing voters that the presidential candidate is_____.
A. honest.
B. friendly.
C. open-minded.
D. warm-hearted.
4.According to Brooks Jackson, all campaign slogans are
A. attractive.
B. impressive.
C. deceptive.
D. informative.
5.Which statement best describes strong partisans?
A. They are very funny.
B. They are very healthy.
C. They are very aggressive.
D. They are very stubbom (顽固的. ).
答案与解析：
1.B。细节题。题干：下列关于one-liner的说法哪一项是不对的?利用题干关键词one-liners可以定位到第一段的最后一句。lack substance and clarity和A、C完全相同，carefully-worded符合D(carefully constructed)，所以和原文内容不符的只有B。
2.D。细节题。题干：什么在1968年到l996年发生了变化?利用题干关键词可以定位到第二段。这段的后半部分比较了l968年和l996年这两年soundbite(录音片断)的长度，平均长度从48秒缩短为8秒。所以D是正确答案。
3.A。细节题。题干：竞选口号“Straight Talk Express”旨在使投票者相信总统候选人是__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到文章的第三段中间，说McCain选择了这个口号。他希望这个名字能使选民们相信他打算对人们说真话(help to tell people the truth)，说真话也就是honest这个形容词所表达的意思。
4.C。细节题：根据Brooks Jackson的观点，所有的竞选口号都是__________。利用关键词可以定位到文章的第四段，说了Brooks Jackson对竞选口号的看法。该段的第一句话说所有的竞选口号都有一个共同点，即spin，下面一句话给出了Brooks Jackson对spin的解释，即just a polite word for deception(不过就是对欺骗的礼貌说法而已)。
5.D。细节题。题干：下列哪种说法最好地描述了strong partisans?利用题干关键词strong partisans定位到本文的最后一段。这些strong partisans无视那些迫使他们陷入不得不改变想法、承认错误的尴尬境地的证据。也就是说这些人是极不愿意改变自己的观点或立场的，所以说他们是十分顽固的(stubborn)。
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