考研英语阅读真题翻译

时间：2020-09-30 09:50:11 英语阅读我要投稿

考研英语阅读真题翻译

　　考研阅读不是考察字认识不认识,而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。下面是小编给大家准备的考研英语的阅读真题及翻译，欢迎大家阅读参考!

考研英语阅读真题翻译

　　When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be--- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right--- it can hardly be classed as Literature.

　　This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, of finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.

　　Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river--- and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers:` Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.

　　This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?

　　9. This passage is mainly____ .

　　[A]a survey of new approaches to art [B]a review of Futurist poetry

　　[C]about merits of the Futurist movement [D]about laws and requirements of literature

　　10. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to_____ .

　　[A]determine its purposes [B]ignore its flaws

　　[C]follow the new fashions[D]accept the principles

　　11. Futurists claim that we must____ .

　　[A]increase the production of literature [B]use poetry to relieve modern stress

　　[C]develop new modes of expression [D]avoid using adjectives and verbs

　　12. The author believes that Futurist poetry is_____ .

　　[A]based on reasonable principles

　　[B]new and acceptable to ordinary people

　　[C]indicative of basic change in human nature

　　[D]more of a transient phenomenon than literature

　　>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<

　　重点词汇：

　　1.farfetched (牵强的)即far+fetch+ed，far远的，fetch拿来，-ed形容词后缀，叫别人到很远(far)的地方去把东西拿回来(fetch)，这个要求是很“牵强的”(fartetched)。

　　2.futurist?(未来派的;未来派艺术家)即futur(e)+ist，future(未来;未来的)，-ist后缀。If we open a quarrel between the past and the present, we shall find that we have lost the future.我们如果在过去和现在之间展开争吵，就会发现我们丧失了未来。Every hour of lost time is a chance of future misfortune.失去的每一小时都构成未来不幸发生的可能。

　　3.undergo (v.经历;承受)即under+go，“在下面走”→经历。You cannot create experience, you must undergo it.你不能创造经验，你必须经历它。undergo a long process of tempering 经受长期的磨练。

　　4.corresponding (相应的;符合的)即cor+respond+ing，cor-共同(con-在r前的变形)，respond反应(见2003年Text 2)

　　5.interpret ?(v.解释;口译);interpretor(译员)←interpret+or后缀表“人”。The philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is to change it.哲学家们只是以不同的方式解释世界，而问题在于改变世界。interpretor — someone who lies in two languages 译员——用两种语言说谎的人。

　　6.essential (必不可少的;本质的);名词形式为essence(本质;精华)，记谐音“爱深思”→只有爱深思(essence)才可能发现事物的“本质”和“精华”。

　　7.finite ?(有限的)即fin+ite，fin词根“完”(如finish→fin+ish后缀→v.n.完成)，-ite形容词后缀，“有完的”→有限的。反义词：infinite(无限的;无限的东西)←in否定前缀+finite。We must accept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinite hope.我们必须接受有限的失望，但我们决不可失去无限的希望。a finite number of possibilities 有限的几种可能性。

　　8.explanatory (说明的，解释的)即ex+plan+atory，ex-前缀=out，plan即plain(元音可增减)，-atory形容词后缀，“简单明白地表达出来的”→解释的;动词形式为explain←ex+plain;名词形式为explanation←ex+plan+ation。Mediocrities can explain everything, and are surprised at nothing.庸人能够解释一切，他们对任何事都不感到意外。←mediocrity参2000年Passage 2。A little inaccuracy sometimes saves tons of explanations.少许的含糊有时能省去大量的解释。

　　9.fulfill(v.完成，履行)即ful+fill，ful即full“完全”，fill“填满”，故“完全填满”→完成。Only they who fulfill their duty in everyday matters will fulfill them on great occassions.只有在日常工作中尽责的人才会在重大时刻尽责。

　　10.determine(v.决心;确定)即de+termine，de-加强前缀，termine词根“结束”，故“使结束”→决定;名词形式为determination←de+termin+ation。The surest way not to fail is to determine to succeed.不致失败的最可靠方法是决心成功。When it is not in our power to detemine what is true, we ought to follow what is most probable.在无法认定何者正确之时，就应采用可能性最大的一个。The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.人生最重要的事就是确立一个伟大的目标，并有决心使其实现。

　　11.all the same 仍然;at will 随意。

　　难句解析：

　　① When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.

　　该句是一个因果关系的并列句，表示结果的部分是When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at，表示原因的部分是for it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal。而for与it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal之间是一个插入语，也是由however+形容词引导的状语从句，意为“不管他们(这群前卫艺术家们)的时尚原则在今天看来多么牵强无理”。

　　句中attain原意为“达到”，此处应理解为“发展成”;advocates指倡导的人;however不是“然而”，而是“不论多么”。

　　② With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be — even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right — it can hardly be classed as Literature.

　　该句也是一个因果关系的并列句。结果为With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult，其中however是插入语，表示此句与上一句之间是转折关系;原因为for之后的部分whatever Futurist poetry may be — even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right — it can hardly be classed as Literature，其中破折号之间的部分even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right是插入语，on which it is based是the theory的定语从句，it指代Futurist poetry。

　　注意however一词是对上一句内容的转折信号，了解这一点，the case is rather difficult的意思就不难领会了。同时要抓住作者的态度，他对未来主义诗歌是持完全否定的态度的。

　　③ We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs.

　　该句中主句为We must pour out a large stream of essential words，而unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs是过去分词引导的伴随状语。

　　注意or连接的qualifying adjectives和finite verbs与stops并列，而不与a large stream of essential words并列。

　　④ But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river — and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: "Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."

　　句中开始的it是形式主语，它指代的是to read及后面的定语从句和to find及其后面的宾语从句。that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river是read的宾语从句，其中off which they both fall into the river是bridge的定语从句;that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: "Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."是find的宾语从句

　　该句相对较复杂，一定要注意upsetting的意思，它是指当我们先是从注释中得知某诗行讲述了一个场景，便怀着新奇感去读原文，结果却发现原文如此枯燥拙劣，心中不免感到不舒服。

　　⑤ All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression.

　　此处的that从句是proposition的同位语，说明了其内容。

　　注意句中的双重否定：no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition没有一个有思想的人能否决他们自己最初的主张，也就是“几乎人人都会坚持自己最初的主张”。

　　试题解析：

　　9【正确答案】[B]

　　意为：对未来派诗歌的评述。本文是一篇文学评论。第一段开门见山地对未来派诗歌进行批评，指出，无论未来派诗歌是什么东西——即使承认其理论根据是正确的，却很难将它归作是文学作品。第二段简述了未来派诗歌诞生的基本历史背景，第三、四段又转入对它的批评。注意第四段第一句对第一段第二句的照应。

　　A意为：对新的艺术理论的评价。这个选择项表达的内容过泛，缺乏针对性。C意为：有关未来主义运动的优点。D意为：有关文学(创作)的法则和要求。这个选择项表达的内容过泛，缺乏针对性。

　　10. 【正确答案】 [A]

　　意为：确认其目的。第一段第一句指出，每当一个新艺术思潮达到一定流行程度时，(在评价它之前)最好先找出其倡导者的目的，因为，无论其(创作)原则在今天看来可能是多么不着边际、多么荒谬，但是在未来它也许会被看做是正常的.东西。

　　B意为：忽视其缺陷。C意为：追随这些新思潮。D意为：接受其(创作)原则。

　　11.【正确答案】 [C]

　　意为：挖掘新的表达方式。第二段简述了未来派诗歌诞生的基本历史背果。未来派认为，一个世纪以来，生活状况一直在有条件地加速发展，以致我们今天生活在一个喧闹、暴力和迅变的世界里，结果，我们的感觉、思想和情感经历了相应的变化。未来派认为，这种生活(节奏)的加快需要一种新的表达方式(与之相适应)。

　　A意为：增加文学作品的创作(数量)。第二段第四句指出，为了诠释当今世界的(生活)压力，我们必须加快文学的创作。这里所说的speed up our literature的具体内容包括下两句提到的文学创作方法，并非指加大文学作品的创作数量。B意为：用诗歌来化解当今的压力。见对选择项[A]的解释，interpret(解释)的意思不同于relieve(缓解;解除)。D意为：不使用形容词和动词。第二段第五甸的意思是：我们(在诗歌中)注入大量的基本词汇，这一语流不为句号、修饰性形容词或限定性动词所打断。从这句来看，并没有提到不使用形容词和动词。

　　12. 【正确答案】 [D]

　　意为：与其说是文学(作品)不如说是一种暂时的现象。在最后一段最后一句作者反问道：我们的时代真的发生了根本变化吗?言外之意，我们生活的变化被未来主义考夸大了，因此他们对历史和现实的认识是不正确的，所以其理论根据是站不住脚的。

　　A意为：基于合理的原理。B意为：对普通人来说是新的、易于接受的。D意为：表明人性的根本变化。

　　全文翻译：

　　当一场新的艺术运动形成某种时尚时，理应弄清其倡导者的目标所在，因为无论他们的准则在今天看来是多么牵强附会、不可思议，将来都有可能被视为正常的。然而，就未来派诗歌而言，情况却相当不同，因为无论未来派诗歌为何物——即使承认其理论根据可能正确，也很难称之为文学。

　　简而言之，未来派诗人宣称：一个世纪以来，过去的生活一直在有条件地急剧变化;现在，我们生活在一个充斥着喧嚣、暴力和快节奏的世界之中。因此，我们的感情、思想和情绪都经历了相应的变化。未来派诗人声称，这种加速的生活节奏需要一种新的表达形式。如果我们想诠释现代生活的压力，就必须加快文学发展的步伐。我们必须大量使用基本词汇，摆脱句号，修饰性形容词及限定动词的羁绊。我们不应描绘声音，我们必须造出模仿声音的词语;我们必须在同一张纸上使用不同型号和不同颜色的墨水，任意缩短或加长词语。

　　他们对战斗的描述确实让人很难理解。但是读到一句描写战斗的诗行的注解时，则令人有点生厌，注解中说该诗描写了一名土耳其军官和一名保加利亚军官在一座桥上发生了搏斗，结果双双从桥上掉进河中——结果，诗把他们两人落水的声音和体重写在了一起：“扑通!扑通!185公斤。”

　　尽管这符合未来派诗歌的规则和要求，却很难被归入文学之列。实际上，没有一个善于思考的人会拒绝接受他们的第一个观点：即情感生活的巨大变化要求表达方式也随之变化。实际问题是：我们发生了根本的变化吗?

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