职称英语卫生类B级阅读理解练习
2017年的`职称英语考试预计在3月份，下面是小编整理的卫生类b级阅读理解练习，希望能帮到大家!
High Stress May Damage Memory
According to a report issued in May 1998, elderly people who consistently high blood levels of the stress hormone. What's more ,high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus(海马区), a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory.
The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal, "healthy" range can actually accelerate brain aging.
The study results "now provide substantial evidence that long-term exposure to adrenal(肾上腺) stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans, "write Nada porter and Phillip Landfield. Cortisol is a hormone releases in response to stress by the adrenal glands(腺), which sit on top of the kidneys (肾).
Over a 5-to 6-year period, dr. Sonia lupine and his colleagues measures 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers, most whom were in their 70s.
The researchers tested the volunteers' memory on six people in the increasing/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group. The groups did not differ in tests of immediate memory, but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group.
The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14% lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group, although there were no differences in other brain regions.
The results suggest that "…brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological(病态的) and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging." write porter and landfield." This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of the hippocampus.
6 which of the following plays a key role in one's learning and memory?
A the kidneys
B the adrenal hormone
C the stress hormone
D the hippocampus
7 when the levels of cortisol go high ,the hippocampus
A may expand
B may shrink
C may disappear
D may function better
8 according to the passage, when people are under stress,
A the adrenal glands will produce cortisol
B the kidneys will shrink rapidly
C the hippocampus will produce cortisol
D the brain will work more efficiently
9 it app ears that when the hippocampus shrinks sue to high levels of cortisol, other brain regions
A may change dramatically
B may stop functioning
C may remain unaffected
D may be seriously damaged
10 the research conducted by porter and land field showed that
A the levels of adrenal hormones have nothing to do with brain aging
B changes in the levels of adrenal hormones can affect brain aging
C chronic stress may strengthen one's memory
D the rate of brain aging always remains stable
参考答案：6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. B
A New Cause of Suffering
A conference on obesity(肥胖症)was recently held in Vienna. Two thousand experts from more than fifty countries attended the conference. According to statistics, 1.2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are too fat. Obesity is rapidly becoming a new cause of suffering.
Professor Friedrich hopichler of Salzberg said: "we are living in the new age but with the metabolism(新陈代谢)of a stone-age man .I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza(比萨饼) shop is appearing on every corner. We have been occupied by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization."
Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said: "eighty per cent of all diabetics(糖尿病人)are too fat, also fifty per cent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty per cent with fatty tissue complaints. Ten per cent more weight means thirteen pet cent more risk of heart disease. Reducing one's weight by ten per cent leads to thirteen per cent lower blood pressure."
Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs. "the health insurance pays for surgery(such as reducing the size of the stomach)when the body-mass index(身体质量指数)is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.60 meters. One should start earlier."
Toplak said tat prevention should begin in school. "Child obesity has a close relation with the time which children spend in front of TV sets."
1 How many people are suffering from obesity in the world?
A 250,000,000
B 25,000,000
C 1,200,000,000
D 120,000,000
2 the united states is cited as a country where
A obesity is not a problem at all.
B you can find many new things.
C terrible things happen all the time.
D it is easy to buy fast food.
3 according to the article, obesity is associated with all the following EXCEPT
A high blood pressure.
B fatty tissue complaints.
C stomachache
D heart disease
4 Hermann Toplak suggested that more money should be spent on
A surgery
B fat people
C preventive programs
D state health services.
5 in Toplak's opinion, the more time a child spends watching TV
A the better he will do in his studies
B the more likely he will get too fat
C the less likely he will get too fat
D the more friends he will have at school
参考答案：1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. B
Knitting
My mother knew how to knit (编织),but she never taught me.She assumed,as did many women of her generation,that knitting was no longer a skill worth passing down from mother to daughter.A.combination of feminism (女权主义) and consumerism (消费主义) made many women feel that such homely accomplishments were now out of date.My Grandmother still knitted,though,and every Christmas she made a pair of socks for my brother and me,of red wool.They were the ones we wore under our ice skates (冰鞋),when it was really important to have warm feet.
Knitting is a nervous habit that happens to be productive.It helped me quit smoking by giving my hands something else to do.It is wonderful for depression because no matter what else happens,you are creating something beautiful.Time spent in front of the television or just sitting is no longer time wasted.
I love breathing life into the patterns.It's true magic,finding a neglected,dog-eared old book with the perfect snowflake design,buying the same Germantown wool my grandmother used,in the exact blue to match my daughter's eyes; taking it on the train with me every day for two months,working enthusiastically to get it done by Christmas,staying up late after the stockings are filled to sew in the sleeves and weave in the ends.
Knitting has taught me patience.I know that if I just keep going,even if it takes months,there will be a reward.When I make a mistake,I know that anger will not fix it,that I just have to go back and take out the stitches (针脚) between and start over again.
People often ask if I would do it for money,and the answer is always a definite no.In the first place,you could not pay me enough for the hours I put into a sweater.But more important,this is an activity I keep separate from such considerations.I knit to cover my children and other people I love in warmth and color.I knit to give them something earthly that money could never buy.
Knitting gives my life an alternative rhythm to the daily deadline.By day I can write about Northern Ireland or the New York City Police Department and get paid for it,but on the train home,surrounded by people with laptops,I stage my little rebellion: I take out my old knitting bag and join the centuries of women who have knitted for love.
11.Why did many women feel that knitting was out of date?
A.Because their mothers didn't teach them.
B.Because they were influenced by feminism and consumerism
C.Because they were feminists.
D.Because they were consumerists.
12.The author wore the red socks her grandmother had knitted for her
A.when she went to school.
B.when she went sightseeing.
C.when she celebrated Christmas.
D.when she went skating.
13.The word "quit" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A."give up".
B."speed up".
C."slow down".
D."build up".
14.According to the passage， which of the following statements about knitting is NOT true?
A.Knitting helps one get rid of bad habits.
B.Knitting helps one get free from a bad mood.
C.Knitting requires patience.
D.Knitting is a profit-making business.
15.Which of the following is NOT the writer's purpose of knitting?
A.To save money.
B.To make full use of her leisure time.
C.To enrich her life.
D.To show her love for the family.
参考答案：11.B 12.D 13.A 14.D 15.A
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